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Development Across The Lifespan Chapter 10

Terms in this set (39)

when is middle childhood? what is the goal?
6-12 children are looking to determine who they are and their role
industry versus inferiority stage
characterised by a focus on efforts to meet the challenges presented by parents peers school and other complexities of the modern world
4 major areas:
What do children during middle adulthood begin to do??
they determine what they are good at and not they have 4 major areas physical self-concept emotional academic and social
Social Comparison
desire to evaluate ones own behavior abilities expertise and opinions by comparing them to those of others
-social reality
Social reality
the understanding that is derived from how others act think feel and view the world
downward social comparison
the activity of hanging out with people of lesser stamina to feel better about yourself
self esteem
individuals overall and specific positive and negative self evaluation
How does self esteem develop overtime?
they have a simple self esteem that is postive generally and think they are good at things, at age 12 their self-esteem lowers, low self esteem becomes a cycle
What is the best way to improve children self esteem?
authoritative child rearing style -parenting style
Social identity theory
the idea that members of a minority group are likely to accept the negative views held by a majority group only if they perceive that there is little realistic possibility of changing the power and status differences between the groups
What is kohlbergs sequence of moral reasoning?
-how many stages , levels?
6 stages , 3 levels
Stage 1 Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning
avoid rules to be punished
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Stage 2
People follow rules to earn rewards
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Stage 3
Feel respected by others when they do what they are supposed to do- want that respect
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Stage 4
Society values are in play
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Stage 5
rules and laws must be followed and what is socially acceptable and not
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Stage 6
People accept that laws are univeral moral principles
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Second Level
conventional level: responsible members of society is in play
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning First level
people follow rules based on punishment and rewards
Kohlberg's Moral Reasoning Third Level
invoke universal moral principles that are considered broader than the rules of the particular society in which they live
Giligan's 3 Stage process for girls morality development
Stage 1: Orientation toward individual survival
Stage 2: Goodness as self sacrifice
Stage 3: Morality of nonviolence
Stage 1 of Freindship
4 to 7 those who share toys and other activities who they spend the most time with
-concrete approach, who they spend the most time with
Stage 2 of Friendship
8 to 10 stage covers a period in which children take others personal qualities and traits as well as the rewards they provide into consideration
-trust is important, hard to forgive
Stage 3 of Friendship
11 to 15 feelings of closeness and people share personal thoughts and feelings through mutual disclosure
Status
evalutation of a role or person by other relevant members of a group
-popular kids have access to available resources like games toys books and information
social competence
the collection of individual social skills that permits individuals to perform successfully in social settings
-popularity
Social solving problem
refers to the use of strategies for solving social conflicts in ways that are satisfactory bot to oneself and to others
border work
helps to emphasise the clear boundaries that exist between males and females during middle childhood, relationships are restricted between them there is a lack of cross gender interaction
dominance hierarchy
members of higher status can safely question and oppose children lower in the hierarchy
a rigid ranking system that reperssent the relative social power of those in a group
coregulaiton
a period in which parents and children jointly control the children's behavior, the parents have control but children are trying to take their own control
Sibling rivalry
sibling competing or quarreling with one another it can be most intense when siblings are similar in age and of the same sex
self care child
term for children who let themselves into their homes after school and wait alone until their parents return from work
What are some effects of children whose parents have gone through divorce?
anxious experience depression show sleep disturbances and phobias some relationships decline
-can blame themselves for the break-up
-guilty divided loyalty
-could hurt financial stress on parents
- pos less hostility and anger in the home
blended family
children in the united states whose parents have remarried and had more chidlren
role ambiguity
a result of a blended family, people not knowing their roles in a family and expectations are unclear, it is unclear who and when you should spend time with
group home or residential treatment center
orphanage funded by federal state and local aid
attributions
the explanations for the reason behind your behavior ,affect how you study and your academics
disposition vs situational
-attributions
thinking your not a smart person
vs.
thinking you got no sleep before a test
emotional intelligence
skills that underlie the accurate assessment evaluation expression and regulation of emotions
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