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ESL Supplement (154): Domain I

Terms in this set (25)

Phonology
system of sounds; includes phonemes and allophones
Morphology
system of how words are built; includes morephemes
Semantics
the study of the meaning of words; includes denotation versus connotation
Syntax
the systematic arragements of sentences and words
Pragmatics
the system of the use of language in social contexts
Functions of Language
instrumental, representational, regulatory, personal, interactional, heuristic, imaginative, informative
Behaviorism
theory that states that language is learned by imitation and developed through a system of habits; includes operant conditioning and shaping
Nativism
theory that states that language is innately determined from withing rather than by external factors; LAD and CUP
Social Interactionist Theory
theory that states that the development of langauge comes from the early interactions between infants and caregivers; proto-conversations
Procedural Memory
knowing how to do things
Declarative Memory
concerns with the information we can describe or report
Semantic Memory
concerns with what a word means
Acquisition
subconscious process of internalizing linguistic competence and performance
Learning
process by which students become aware of the "rules" of the target language
Input Hypothesis
states that the aquisition of a second language can only be promoted in one way- comprehensible input (i+1)
Affective Filter Hypothesis
states that students must have a risk-free and comfortable environment in which to aquire and learn a second language
Natural Order Hypothesis
acquirers internalize gramatic structures in a predictable order
Monitor Hypothesis
states that the acquisition of a second language involves conscious knowledge about correctness of a language
Silent Period
time during the first stages of language acquisition in which speaking is difficult, where students should not be forced to communicate and be allowed to build up linguistic competence by active listening
Affective Elements in the Process of Second Language Acquisition
low anxiety, good self-image, interest, and motivation
Transfer Theory
students who read in their first language (L1) have a database that can be used to transfer meaning into the second language (L2)
Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP)
two languages are visibly different in outward conversation, but underneath the surface, they are fused such that the two languages do not function separately
Language Borrowing
words that we borrow from other languages
Language Interference
phonological interference- assume a letter sound that is not a letter; syntactical interference- double negative, grammar use; and semantic interference- false cognates, word meaning
Code-Switching
alternate use of two languages; can occur at the word, phrase, clause, or sentence level
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