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Apologia Biology Module 11 Edition 2

Terms in this set (31)

Invertebrates
Animals that lack a backbone
Vertebrates
Animals that possess a backbone
Spherical Symmertry
An organism posseses spherical symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism's center
Radial Symmetry
An organism posseses radial symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any langitudinal cut through its center
Bilateral Symmertry
An organism possesses bilateral symmetry if it can only be cut into two identical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves
Epidermis
an outer layer of cells designed to provide protection
Mesenchyme
the jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge
Collar Cells
flagellated cells that push water through a sponge
Amoebocytes
cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals
Gemmule
a cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell
Polyp
the sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other
Medusa
a free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles
Epithelium
animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance
Mesoglea
the jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian
Nematocysts
small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators
Testes
organs that produces sperm
Ovaries
Organs that produce eggs
Anterior End
The end of an animal that contains its head
Posterior End
The end of an animal that contains its tail
Circulatory System
a system designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature's body
Nervous System
A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste
Ganglia
Masses of nerve cell bodies
Hermaphroditic
Possessing both the male and female reproductive organs
Regeneration
The ability to regrow a missing part of the body
Mantle
a sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, makes the mollusk's shell, and performs respiration
Shell
a tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle. It is usually used for protection, but sometimes for body support
Visceral Hump
a hump that contains a mollusk's heart, digestive, and excretory organs
Foot
a muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal
Radula
an organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths
Univalve
An organism with a single shell
Bivalve
An organism with two shells
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