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Apologia Biology Module 13 Edition 2

Terms in this set (26)

Vertebrae
segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone
Notochord
a rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature's body, providing the majority of its support
Endoskeleton
a skeleton on the inside of a creature's body, typically composed of bone or cartilage
Bone Marrow
Soft tissue inside the bone that produces blood cells
Axial Skeleton
the portion of the skeleton that supports and protects the head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular Skeleton
the portion of the skeleton that attaches to the axial skeleton and has the limbs attached to it
Closed Circulatory System
a circulatory system in which the oxygen-carrying blood cells never leave the blood vessels
Arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
Capillaries
Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
Veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
Olfactory Lobes
the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose
Cerebrum
the lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature's response to that information
Optic Lobes
the lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes
Cerebellum
The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement.
Medulla Oblongata
the lobes that coordinate vital funtions, such as those of the circulatroy and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord.
Internal Fertilization
the process by which the male places the sperm inside the females's body, where the eggs are fertilized
External Fertilization
the process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside of the female
Oviparous Development
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female's body.
Ovoviviparous Development
Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female's body.
Viviparous Development
Development that occurs inside the female allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta.
Anadromous
A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce.
Bile
a mixture of salts and phospholipids that aids in the breakdown of fat
Atrium
A heart chamber that receives blood.
Ventricle
a heart chamber from which blood is pumped out
Ectothermic
lacking an internal mechanism for regulating body heat
Hibernation
A state of extremely low metabolism and respriation, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures.
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