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Chemistry ion and nomenclature

Terms in this set (21)

Ion
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Cation
A positively charged ion
Anion
A negatively charged ion
Oxidation state
A number assigned to an element in chemical combination that represents the number of electrons lost or gained by an atom of that element in the compound
Ionic bond
A type of bond that generates two oppositely charged ions
Formula unit
Lowest whole number ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
Molecule
A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction
Compound
A thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
Covalent bond
A chemical bond that involves the sharing of elected pairs between atoms (nm + nm)
Sea of electrons
Valence electrons surround the positively charged atomic nuclei of the interacting metal ions , instead of orbiting thei respective metal atoms
Metallic bond
The force of attraction between the free electrons and metal ions
Electrolyte
A liquid or gel that contains ions and can be decomposed by electrolysis
Properties of ionic conpounds
M + NM; transfer of e- from M to NM; high melting/boiling point; solid at room temperature; strong conductor (in water); NO NET CHARGE
Properties of covalent compounds
NM + NM; share e- between atoms; very low melting/boiling point; may be solid, liquid, OR gas at room temperature; poor conductors of at all; NO NET CHARGE
How is an anion formed from a neutral atom?
When metals transfer e- to nonmetals
How is a cation formed from a neutral atom?
When an atom gains electrons
Ion charges from periodic table
Al is +3; Zn is +2; Ag is +1
Rules for naming binary ionic compounds (including those with transition metals)
MgCl2 - magnesium chloride
- charge means -ide
Both transition metals
Which is rule for transition metals?
Ionic compounds with polatomic
Ions
?
Binary acids
Covalent with +H
Hydro _ acid
H2S - hydrosulfuric acid
Oxyacids
H+ polatomic ion
Ends in -ate; -ic
Ends in -ite; -ous
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