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Milady's ch. 7 Basics of Chemistry

Terms in this set (40)

What is an example of an organic substance?
Plastic
What is the simplest form of chemical matter?
Element
How are elements identified?
By letter symbols
What is it called when a chemical changes its state but not its composition?
Physical change
What is an example of a liquid?
Serum
What is the most abundant element found on earth?
oxygen
What is the general composition of air by volume?
One part oxygen and four parts nitrogen
What is the most commonly used cosmetic ingredient?
Water
What is the range of the pH scale?
0 to 14
What does ionization create?
Two new ions with opposite electrical charges
What color does a base turn red litmus paper?
Blue
A pH of eight is _____ times more alkaline than a pH of seven.
10
What is a characteristic of suspensions?
Slightly miscible
How long should a properly-stored emulsion remain stable?
Three years
What is an example of an oil-in-water emulsion?
Moisturizing lotion
T/F Estheticians work with chemistry every day.
True
T/F Understanding chemistry helps you to understand how to layer products in services
True
T/F Inorganic substances are flammable
False
T/F The atoms of each element are different in structure from the atoms of all other elements
True
T/F Atoms can be divided into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means
False
T/F Most water is pure
False
T/F It may not be beneficial to the skin for the esthetician to cross over in product lines when providing services
True
T/F When a substance is oxidized, the oxidizer is always reduced.
True
T/F Suspensions contain smaller particles than solutions do.
False
T/F A disadvantage of oil-in-water emulsions is that they will not easily rinse away with water.
False
Uniform mixture of two or more substances
Suspensions
Combination of two or more substances that are united physically, in any proportions with combined properties
Physical mixture
These have neither a definite size nor a definite shape
Gases
Unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances
Solution
Chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced and the reducing agent is oxidized
Redox reaction
Droplets of water dispersed in an oil
Water-in-oil emulsion
Has a definite size but not a definite shape
Liquids
Substances with a pH below 7.0
Acids
Used to emulsify oil and water
Surfactants
Characteristics that can be determined only with a chemical reaction and that cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance
Chemical properties
Droplets of oil dispersed in water with the aid of an emulsifying agent
Oil-in-Water emulsion
Characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the identity of the substance
Physical properties
Rapid oxidation of a substance, accompanied by the production of heat and light
Combustion
Has a definite size and a definite shape
Solids
Also known as bases; has a pH above 7.0
Alkalis
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