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Chapter 30: Environmental Emergencies

Terms in this set (118)

A dysbarism injury refers to the signs and symptoms related to changes in:
A. rapid ascent.
B. rapid descent.
C. decompression.
D. barometric pressure.
D
When a warm hand is immersed in water that is 70°F (21°C), heat is transferred from the hand to the water through a process called:
A. radiation.
B. conduction.
C. convection.
D. evaporation.
B
The transfer of heat to circulating air, such as when cool air moves across the body's surface, is called:
A. radiation.
B. conduction.
C. convection.
D. evaporation.
C
The body's natural cooling mechanism, in which sweat is converted to a gas, is called:
A. radiation.
B. convection.
C. conduction.
D. evaporation.
D
Heat loss from the body through respiration occurs when:
A. warm air is exhaled into the atmosphere.
B. the core body temperature is greater than 98°F (37°C).
C. cool air is inhaled and displaces warm air.
D. air temperature is greater than body temperature.
A
Shivering is a mechanism in which the body generates heat by:
A. increasing the metabolic rate.
B. decreasing the use of oxygen.
C. decreasing the metabolic rate.
D. retaining excess carbon dioxide.
A
Covering a patient's _________ will significantly minimize radiation heat loss.
A. head
B. chest
C. abdomen
D. extremities
A
Hypothermia occurs when the core body temperature falls below:
A. 98°F (37°C).
B. 95°F (35°C).
C. 90°F (32°C).
D. 88°F (31°C).
B
The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:
A. shivering and vasodilation.
B. vasodilation and respiration.
C. respiration and vasoconstriction.
D. vasoconstriction and shivering.
D
Compared to adults, infants and children are at higher risk for hypothermia for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT:
A. a decreased ability to shiver.
B. a relatively small surface area.
C. a smaller amount of body fat.
D. a smaller overall muscle mass.
B
Which of the following conditions would be the LEAST likely to increase a person's risk of hypothermia?
A. hypoperfusion
B. severe infection
C. hyperglycemia
D. spinal cord injury
C
To assess a patient's general temperature, pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on his or her skin at the:
A. neck.
B. chest.
C. abdomen.
D. forehead.
C
To obtain the MOST accurate reading of a patient's core body temperature, you should place a special hypothermia thermometer:
A. into the patient's rectum.
B. under the patient's tongue.
C. behind the patient's knee.
D. under the patient's armpit.
A
A patient with a core body temperature of 95°F (35°C) will MOST likely experience:
A. a slow pulse.
B. rapid breathing.
C. muscle stiffness.
D. loss of consciousness.
B
Which of the following would be the LEAST likely to occur in a patient with a core body temperature of between 89°F (32°C) and 92°F (33°C)?
A. bradypnea
B. confusion
C. stiff muscles
D. tachycardia
D
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