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Urban Vocab

Terms in this set (59)

Infrastructure
The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society or enterprise
Remediation
The action of remedying something, in particular of reversing or stopping environmental damage
Central place
A market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
Central place theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlement and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
Clustered rural settlements
A rural settlement in which the houses and farm buildings of each family are situated close to each other, which fields surrounding the settlement
Consumer services
businesses that provide services primarily to individual consumers, including retail services and education, health, and leisure services
Dispersed rural settlement
A rural settlement pattern characterized by isolated farms rather than clustered villages
Economic base
A community's collection of basic industries
Enclosure movement
The process of Consaul a dating small land holdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the 18th-century
Gravity model
A model which holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service
Hinterland
The sphere of economic influence of the town or city
Non-basic service
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Primate city
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
Public services
Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
Range
The maximum distance people will be willing to travel to use a service
Rank-size rule
A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is one nth the population of the largest settlement
Service
Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
Settlement
A permanent collection of buildings and inhabitants
Threshold
The minimum number of people needed to support a service
Urbanization
An increase in the percentage of the number of people living in urban settlements
Annexation
Legally adding land area to a city in the United States
Census tract
an the area delineated by the US Bureau of the Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracks correspond roughly to neighborhood
CBD
The central business district is the downtown heart of the central city, the marked by high land values, a concentration of business and commerce, and the clustering of the tallest buildings
City
And urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit
Concentric zone model
A model of the internal structure of cities which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings
Density gradient
The change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery
Edge city
A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area
Filtering
A process of change in the use of the house, from single family home owner occupancy to abandonment
Food desert
An area in a developed country were healthy food is difficult to obtain
Greenbelt
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
Megalopolis
A continuous urban complex in the north eastern United States
Metro statistical area
In the United States, and urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several test indicating a functional connection to the central city
Multiple nuclei model
Model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities
Burgess
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Hoyt
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Harris and Ullman
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Borchert
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Christaller
Came up with the central place theory
New urbanism
Is an urban design movement which promotes environmentally friendly habits by creating walkable neighborhoods containing a wide range of housing and job types
Smart-growth
Legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland
Boomburg
One of the countless cookie-cutters suburban communities that sprung up like mushrooms during the housing boom's of recent decades; a rapidly growing, sprawling city of 100,000 or more on the edge of a major metropolitan area
Uptown
Upper part of a town or city
Zone of abandonment
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Zone of disamenity
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Gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area
Brownfields
A former industrial or commercial say were future use is affected by real or perceived environmental contamination
Mixed use
Used or suitable for several different functions
Commuter zone
The outermost zone of the concentric zone model that represents people who choose to live in residential suburbia and take a daily commute into the CBD to work
Mega city
City with more than 10 million people
World city
One of the largest cities in the world, generally with a population of over 10 million
Galactic city model
It is a representation of distinct decentralization of commercial urban landscape as the economy transitions to having services become the leading form of production
Segregation
The separation of people based on racial, ethnic, or other differences
Squatter settlement
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent in the wrecked home made structures
Urban
Areas were cities and towns are located so close together that political boundaries become imaginary lines
Sprawl
Development of new housing sites and relatively low density and locations that are not contigous to the existing build up area
Underclass
A group in society prevented from participating in the material benefits of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic characteristics
Zone in transition
And the area of next commercial and residential land uses surrounding the CBD
Urban hierarchy
A ranking of settlements according to their size and economic function
Core-periphery
Describes how economic, political, and/or cultural power is spatially distributed between dominant core regions, and more marginal or dependent semi--periphery oh and peripheral regions
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