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Chapter 10: Aggression

Terms in this set (29)

What is aggression?
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. In lab experiments this might mean delivering electric shocks or saying something likely to hurt another's feelings.
What is hostile aggression?
Aggression that springs from anger; its goal is to injure.
What is instrumental aggression?
Aggression that aims to injure; but only as a means to some other end.
What is instinctive behavior?
An innate, unlearned behavior pattern exhibited by all members of a species.
What is frustration-aggression theory?
The theory that frustration triggers a readiness to aggress.
What is frustration?
The blocking of goal-directed behavior.
What is displacement?
The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration. Generally, the new target is safer or more socially acceptable target.
What is relative deprivation?
The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself.
What is social learning theory?
The theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded and punished.
What is prosocial behavior?
Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior; the opposite of antisocial behavior.
Frustration-Agression Theory produces what type of results?
1. Frustration increases aggressiveness
2. Frustration can lead to irritation instead of aggression in certain cases.
Research indicates that there is a correlation between what and aggression towards women?
Pornography
When violent activities occur in a group, aggression can increase due to lack of personal responsibility people may feel. Thus, aggression in groups could partially be explained by what?
Diffusion of responsibility
What type of approach suggests that we should reward nonaggressive cooperative behaviors in order to prevent aggression?
Social Learning
Repeating an emotion-arousing stimulus such as aggression or violence over and over again can result in _________ or numb emotional response to the stimulus.
desensitization
What often triggers a readiness to aggress, which is the basis of one of the first psychological theories of aggression?
Frustration
Physical or bodily _________ can stimulate aggression through either exercise or sexual excitement, if we misinterpret it.
arousal
If modeling and imitation through watching television is so prevalent with aggressive behaviors, the viewing of what type of behavior are more likely to be beneficial in reversing the trend?
prosocial behavior
Children that watch violent television are more likely to engage in what type of activities?
1. Assault
2. Robbery
3. Threats of injury
What were ways that aggression was used to help evolve current tendencies of aggression?
1. Competing for resources
2. Intimidating male rivals for females
3. Defending against attack
Yumi was happy with her salary at work until she found out that her coworker makes 30% more than she does. Her frustration comes from what?
Relative deprivation
The most-studied environmental or climate variation that has been linked to aggression is what?
heat
All weapons serve as aggression cues, but while guns put a distance between the aggressor and victim, knives require a great deal more of _________ contact
personal
What are elements of hostile aggression?
1. arousal
2. provoking hostile cognitions
3. hostile feelings
4. aversive situations
When observing what type of aggression, it will normally fall into a sequence; starts with an aversive situation, which triggers aggression, provoking negative cognitions and feelings and then ends with arousal?
hostile aggression
What term is used to describe amplified passion after a fight?
Sexual arousal
What can influence the neural system's sensitivity to aggressive cues; for example, animals can be bred to be aggressive?
Heredity
People learn aggressive responses both by experience and by what?
Observing others
When it leads to aggressive behaviors, psychological pain is also known as what?
Frustration
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