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Social Psychology Exam 3 Professor Dodge

Terms in this set (36)

Conformity
a change in one's behavior due to the real or imagined influence of other people
informational social influence
relying on other people as a source of information to guide our behavior; we conform because we believe that others' interpretation of an ambiguous situation is correct and can help us choose an appropriate course of action
private acceptance
conforming to other people's behavior out of a genuine belief that what they are doing or saying is right
public compliance
conforming to other people's behavior publicly without necessarily believing inn what the other people are doing or saying
social norms
the implicit or explicit rules a group has for the acceptable behaviors, values, and beliefs of its members
normative social influence
going along with what other people do in order to be liked and accepted by them; publicly conform not always privately
social impact theory
the idea that conforming to social influence depends on the group's importance, immediacy, and the number of people in the group
idiosyncrasy credits
the tolerance a person earns, over time, by conforming to group norms
Milgram shock experiment
shows authority and obedience, most participants obeyed
reasons why we obey
conforming to the wrong norm
self justification
the loss of personal responsibility
group
two or more people who interact and are interdependent in the sense that their needs and goals cause them to influence each other
social roles
shared expectations in a group about how particular people are supposed to behave
group cohesiveness
qualities of a group that bind member together and promote liking between them
social facilitation
when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance can be evaluated, the tendency to perform better on simple task and worse on complex tasks
social loafing
when people are in the presence of others and their individual performance cannot be evaluated, the tendency to perform worse on simple or unimportant tasks but better on complex tasks
Deindividuation
the loosening of normal constraints on behavior when people can't be identified
process loss
any aspect of group interaction that inhibits good problem solving
transactive memory
the combined memory of a group that is more efficient than the memory of the individual
groupthink
a kind of decision process in which maintaining group cohesiveness and solidarity is more important than considering the facts in a realistic manner
preventing groupthink
remain impartial
seek outside opinions
create subgroups
seek anonymous opinions
group polarization
the tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclinations of their members
propinquity effect
the finding that the more we see and interact with people, the more likely they are to become our friends
mere exposure effect
the finding that the more exposure we have to a stimulus the more apt we are to like it
halo effect
a cognitive bias by which we tend to assume that an individual with one positive characteristic also possesses other (even unrelated positive characteristics)
evolutionary psychology
the attempt to explain social behavior in terms of genetic factors that evolved over time according to principles of natural selection
prosocial behavior
any act performed with the goal of benefitting another person
altruism
the desire to help another person even if it involves a cost to the helper
kin selection
the idea that behaviors that help a genetic relative are favored by natural selection
norm of reciprocity
the expectation that helping others will increase the likelihood that they will help us in the future
empathy
the ability to put oneself in the shoes of another person and to experience emotions and events they way they do
empathy-altruism hypothesis
when we feel empathy we are more likely to help that person for purely altruistic reasons
altruistic personality
qualities that cause an individual to help others in a wide variety of situations
ingroup/outgroup
group identifies as member, group does not identify
bystander effect
the finding that the greater the number of bystanders the less likely one of them is to help
pluralistic ignorance
people think everyone else is interpreting the situation in a certain way, which they are not
diffusion of responsibility
the phenomenon wherein each bystander's sense of responsibility to help decreases as the number of witnesses increases
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