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Gait

Terms in this set (28)

At 0% (initial contact)
o You get heel strike/initial contact of the foot
o Requires a neutral ankle position
At 0-10% (loading response) 1st period of double limb support!!!
o Shock absorption of the GRF occurs
o The body begins to progress moving forward
o Opposite leg toe off!!!
o Must have:
10 degrees of PF (1st rocker)
15 degrees of knee flexion
At 10-30% (mid-stance phase)
o Beginning of single limb support
o Controlled progression of the body over the foot (closed chain DF)
o Must have:
Controlled tibia advancement (DF)
Lateral hip stability
o You will have 3 rockers during mid-stance
Heel rocker
Ankle rocker
Forefoot rocker
At 30-50% (terminal stance)
o still have period of single limb support
o heel rise begins to happen and weight is transferred over the forefoot
o must have:
10 degrees of DF
Sufficient heel rise for propulsion phase
Forward progression over the foot
o COM is outside the base of support at 40% of the gait cycle
At 50-60% (pre-swing)
o Second period of double limb support (opposite leg touches the ground @ 50%)
o Prepare for foot lift
o Must have:
40 degrees of knee flexion
At 60-73% (initial swing)
o Limb is lifted off the floor second period of double limb support begins
o Must have:
60 degrees of knee flexion
15 degrees of hip flexion
At 73-87% (mid-swing)
o Limb is advanced until the tibia is vertical
o Must have:
25 degree hip flexion
Neutral ankle
1 cm of foot clearance
At 87-100% (terminal swing)
o Achieve step length
o Prepare limb for weight acceptance
o Must have:
Full knee extension
30 degrees of hip flexion
Anterior and posterior pelvic tilt of the pelvis
• You will get 2-4 degrees of ant and post pelvic tilt due to active and passive structures surrounding the hip
• Magnitude of tilt will increase with faster gait speed
• Will see pronounced pelvic tilting with lack of hip ROM
Hip kinematics in the sagittal plane
• Flexion
o Peaks at 30 degrees during terminal swing(85%) and at initial contact (0%)
• Extension
o Peaks at 10 degrees during double limb support (50%)
• If the hip is fused at 20 degrees of flexion you would notice:
o Increased anterior pelvic tilt
o Early heel off
o Increased knee flexion
Knee kinematics in the sagittal plane
• Extension
o Peaks at 0 degrees when trying to maximally reach forward with the leg
o Lack of extension will affect stance and swing phase
• Flexion
o Peaks at 60 degrees during swing phase
o Lack of flexion will only affect swing phase
Ankle kinematics in the sagittal plane
• DF
o Peaks at 10 degrees during stance phase (30-50%)
o Lack of DF will affect swing phase and stance phase
• PF
o Peaks at 20 degrees during push off phase
o Lack of PR affects stance phase (1st rocker)
MTP kinematics in the sagittal plane
• MTPs will extend 45-55 degrees in order to tense up the plantar fascia and provide a rigid base for the foot
Hip kinematics in the frontal plane
• ABd = swing phase
• ADD = stance phase
• Only 10 degrees of total motion in the frontal plane
Ankle in the frontal plane (does not affect swing phase!!)
• Eversion/ pronation
o Occurs with during early stance to provide shock absorption during initial contact
• Inversion/supination
o Occurs before push off in order to provide a ridged surface for push off
o Late supination means you are over working you posterior tib
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