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First Aid Dermatology

Terms in this set (65)

skin layers
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous fat (hypodermic, subcutis)
epidermis layers
1. stratum corneum (keratin in anucleate cells)
2. stratum lucidum
3. stratum granulosum (granules in keratinocytes)
4. stratum spinosum (desmosomes)
5. stratum basalis (stem cell layer)
dermis
connective tissue, nerve endings, blood and lymphatics, and adnexal structures (e.g., hair shafts, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands)
tight junction (zonula occludens)
prevents paracellular movement of solutes; composed of claudins and occludins
adherens junction (zonula adherens)
-below tight junction in epidermis, forms "belt" connecting actin cytoskeletons of adjacent cells with cadherins (Ca2+ dependent adhesion protein)
-loss of E-cadherin promotes metastasis
desmosomes (macula adherens)
-structural support via keratin interactions
-autoantibodies leads to pemphigus vulgaris
gap junction
channel proteins called connexons permit electrical and chemical communication between cells
hemidesmosome
-connects keratin in basal cells to underlying basement membrane
-autoantibodies leads to bullous pemphigoid (down "bullow")
integrins
membrane proteins that maintain integrity of basolateral membrane by binding to collagen and laminin in basement membrane
hyperkeratosis
-increased thickness of stratum corneum
-psoriasis, calluses
parakeratosis
-hyperkeratosis with retention of nuclei in stratum corneum
-psoriasis
spongiosis
-epidermal accumulation of edematous fluid in intercellular space
-eczematous dermatitis
acantholysis
-separation of epidermal cells
-pemphigus vulgaris
acanthosis
-epidermal hyperplasia (increase in spinosum)
-acanthosis nigricans
acne vulgaris
-comedones, pustules, pimples
-obstructive and inflammatory disease of the pilosebaceous unit predominantly found on the face and trunk
-hormone increase in sebum and keratin block follicles, Propionibacterium acnes infection produces lipases that break down sebum releasing proinflammatory fatty acids
-most common in adolescents but can occur at any age
-treatment benzyl peroxide, vitamin A derivatives
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