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antitubercular drugs
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Flashcards
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Test
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Terms in this set (39)
tubercle bacilli spreads to other body organs through
blood and lymphatic systems
tubercle bacilli grows
very slowly
tubercle is __ to kill
hard
multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is defined as resistance to ___ and ____
rifampin and isoniazid (first line treatment)
close contacts of patients with ___ need to be treated as well
MDR-TB
extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB)
resistant to almost all drugs that treat TB
first-line antitubercular drugs include (3):
-isoniazid (INH)
- ethambutol
-rifampin
first-line antitubercular drug prototypes (2)
-isoniazid
-rifampin
what is the primary drug used for the first-line antitubercular drugs?
isoniazid
drug-susceptibility tests done from
patient specimen
when does drug therapy start
before results are back
what are some drug therapies
-isoniazid
-rifampin
-pyrazinamide (PZA)
and -ethambutol
or -steptomycin
what percentage is it effective
95%
treatment made difficult by two factors:
-patient non-adherence to medication therapy
-growing drug resistance
purified protein derivative (PPD)
diagnostic injection
bacille calmette-guerin (BCG)
does not prevent infection but reduces active TB and decreasing spread in body
BCG reduces active TB by ___ to __ %
60-80%
antitubercular therapy
drugs used for prophylaxis or treatment of TB
if contraindications for severe allergy of antitubercular therapy can be ___ if needed
desensitized
balance of ____ versus ___ for contraindications of major renal or liver dysfunction of antitubercular therapy
risk; benefit
precautions for patients of antitubercular therapy with
alcoholism
adverse effects for antitubercular therapy
-liver toxicity
-peripheral neuropathy
red-orange color of bodily fluids
adverse effects for isoniazid (INH)
peripheral neuropathy
CNS symptoms from Isoniazid are caused by
vitamin B6 deficiency (supplements given)
adverse effects for rifampin
red-orange color of bodily fluids (tears, saliva, urine, sweat)
interactions for isoniazid (INH)
alcohol
-disulfiram-like reaction
-toxicity
interactions for rifampin
decreases blood levels of oral contraceptives
what function tests need to be performed in patients who are to receive INH or rifampin?
liver
liver function tests especially need to be performed in ____ patients and those who use ___ daily
elderly; alcohol
therapy may last for up to __ months
24
take medications ____ as ordered, at the ___ time ___ day
exactly; same; every
need to emphasize the importance of ____ ____ to regimen for ____ of condition to cure
strict adherence; improvement
patients should not consume ___ while on these medications or take other medications, including over-the-counter medications, unless they check with their prescriber
alcohol
____ causes oral contraceptives to become ____; what should we do?
rifampin; ineffective; another form of contraceptive
patients who are taking rifampin should be told that their bodily fluids may become ___; and contact lenses may be stained
reddish
vitamin ___ may be needed to combat neurologic adverse effects associated with INH therapy
B6
oral preparations may be given with ___ to reduce gastrointestinal upset, even through recommendations are to take ___ hr before or ___ hrs after.
meals; 1 hr; 2 hrs
patient should report to prescriber immediately if they experience any of these adverse effects (8)
-fatigue
-nausea
-vomiting
-numbness and tingling of extremities
-fever
-loss of appetite
-depression
-jaundice
monitor for therapeutic effects such as
-decreased symptoms of TB (coughing and fever)
-lab studies and chest x-rays to confirm clinical findings
-lack of clinical response to therapy, indicating possible drug resistance
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Verified questions
physics
Two narrow slits are used to produce a double-slit interference pattern with monochromatic light. The slits are separated by $0.90 \mathrm{~mm}$, and the interference pattern is projected onto a screen $9.5 \mathrm{~m}$ away from the slits. The central bright fringe is at a certain spot on the screen. Using a ruler with one end placed at the central fringe, you move along the ruler passing by two more bright fringes and find that the third bright fringe is $20 \mathrm{~mm}$ away from the central fringe. What is the wavelength of the light?
chemistry
If an equimolar mixture of $\mathrm{P}\left(t-\mathrm{C}_4 \mathrm{H}_9\right)_3$ and $\mathrm{B}\left(\mathrm{C}_6 \mathrm{~F}_5\right)_3$ is mixed with 1 bar of the gas $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$ in bromobenzene solution, a white product is formed in good yield. A variety of NMR evidence has been gathered on the product: there is a single ${ }^{31} \mathrm{P}$ NMR resonance; ${ }^{11} \mathrm{~B}$ and ${ }^{19} \mathrm{~F}$ NMR are consistent with a 4 -coordinate boron atom; and ${ }^{15} \mathrm{~N}$ NMR indicates two nonequivalent nitrogen atoms. In addition, no gas is released in the reaction. a. Suggest the role of $\mathrm{N}_2 \mathrm{O}$ in this reaction. b. Propose a structure of the product.
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