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Patho 2 E4: Male Reproductive disorders

Terms in this set (11)

Prostatic specific antigen
-tumor marker in blood
source: glucoprotein found in prostatic epithelium normally found in blood, amounts of PSA increase with BPH and prostatic cancer, higher levels with cancer of prostate than BPH
Significance: diagnose prostatic cancer early, may need to be repeated PSAs to see trend in elevation
normal: less than 4
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) intro
common after age 50
-hyperplasia usually of median and lateral lobes (prostate cancer arises more commonly in posterior lobe-good because most accessible during digital exam, fibrous and glandular hyperplasia begins in periurethral cells resulting in decreased luminal size
-relative rise in estrogen levels with aging is thought to contribute to the development of BPH
BPH CM
decreased force in stream, dribbling, nocturia, difficulty urinating
Cancer of prostate intro
third leading cause of death for men in US
first-coronary artery disease
second-lung cancer
Cancer of prostate risk factors
1)member of black race
2) high fat diet
3) family hx of prostatic cancer
4) occupational exposure: cadium (welding, electoplating), farming (pesticides, herbidides), horticulturists (pesticides, herbicides)
Cancer of prostate CM
1) early-no symptoms
2) slow urinary stream (like BPH)
3) hesistancy
4) incomplete emptying
5) frequency
6)nocturia
7) dysuria
8) hematuria/blood in ejaculate
9) if WELL differntiated--LESS likely to metastasize
cancer of prostate screening
PSA & digital rectal exam
cancer of testicles intro
age 15-34 is highest testosterone levels at highest risk-need to do testicular self-exam
cancer of testicles risk factors
-cryptorchidism-30-50xs greater risk
-testicles undescended at birth-increased warmth causes atrophy and increase risk
-testicle should be descended by age 2-3 years
others:
-genetics
-increased androgens
-hydrocele-present in 25% of testicular cancer
cancer of testicles clinical manifestations
-testicular nodule or thickening
-increased scrotal size-wrinkles gone
-perception of increased scrotal 'heaviness'--dragging sensation, aching, throbbing
cancer of testicles screening
palpate all sides
-transillumiante-see solid mass
-important to teach self exam-deadly disease
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