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Chapter 23.3 "Culture and Counterculture"

Terms in this set (21)

What were members of the counterculture known as?
Hippies
What specific beliefs did hippies share with the New Left movement?
Felt that American society- and its materialism, technology, and war- had grown hollow
What movement influenced the hippies of the 1960s?
Noncomformist beat movement of the 1950s
Who was Timothy Leary?
Harvard psychology professor and counterculture philosopher who hippies looked up to and is responsible for the phrase "Tune In. Turn on. Drop out."
What was meant by the phrase "Tune In, Turn On, Drop Out"?
People dropped out of work and/or school to live a life of what they thought would be peace, love, and harmony
What name is often given to the hippie era?
Age of Aquarius
Describe what marked the Age of Aquarius (the hippie era).
It was marked by rock 'n' roll music, outrageous clothing, sexual license, and illegal drugs
What is Zen Buddhism?
Professed that one could attain enlightenment through meditation rather than the reading of scriptures
What was considered the "hippie look"?
Ragged jeans, tie-dyed shirts, military garments, long hair, love beads, and Native American ornaments
How did hippies reject conventional home life?
Many joined communes, in which the members renounced private property to live communally
Why did hippies choose to congregate in California?
California did not outlaw hallucinogenic drugs until 1966
How and why did the counterculture (hippie) movement decline?
It gave way to violence and disillusionment. The urban communes eventually turned seedy and dangerous, and their "do your own thing" attitude did not provide enough guidance for how to live. As well many had fallen victim to drugs and had mental breakdowns.
What did many hippies end up having to do as a result of the decline of the counterculture movement?
Lining up government offices to collect welfare and food stamps-dependent on the very society they had once rejected
What aspects of the counterculture movement left more lasting imprints on the world?
It's fine arts and social attitudes
What is "pop art"?
Art based on modern popular culture and the mass media, especially as a critical or ironic comment on traditional fine art values.
Andy Warhol
A pop artist who became famous for his bright silk-screen portraits of soup cans
rock 'n' roll
A type of popular dance music originating in the 1950s, characterized by a heavy beat and simple melodies. Rock and roll was an amalgam of black rhythm and blues and white country music, usually based on a twelve-bar structure and an instrumentation of guitar, bass, and drums
How did the casual "do your own thing" philosophy of the hippie movement leave its mark on the culture?
American attitudes towards sexual behavior became more casual and permissive leading to what was known as the "sexual revolution"
How did the country react to the counterculture movement in the late 1960s?
Many believed that the country was losing its sense of right and wrong. Many people were angry
In what ways did conservatives attack the counterculture of the 1960s?
1. The FBI issued a warning that "Revolutionary Terrorism" was a threat to society.
2. Critics warned that rebels posed a danger to traditional values and threatened to plunge america society into anarchy.
3. They attacked the decadent values (i.e. moral degeneration) of the counterculture
What reason did psychiatrist Bruno Bettelheim give for the counterculture movement?
That the student rebels and members of the counterculture had been pampered in childhood; as young adults, they did not have the ability for delayed gratification
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