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A&P Lecture Chapter 24 Quiz: Nutrition, Metabolism, and Body Temperature

Terms in this set (30)

1. A major means for conserving heat is __________.

enhanced sweating
increased metabolic rate
increased convective loss
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels
vasoconstriction of cutaneous blood vessels

The skin serves as a radiator of heat.
2 During glycolysis, glucose must be activated by how many ATP molecules?

one
two
three
five
ten
Your Answer:

two
Glucose must be activated by two ATP molecules forming fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
3 Most vitamins __________.

are carbohydrates
are used as building blocks for the body
function as coenzymes in the body
are metabolized to make ATP
Your Answer:

function as coenzymes in the body
Most vitamins function as coenzymes or parts of coenzymes in the body. Coenzymes help catalyze chemical reactions.
4 One function of vitamin A is to __________.

help with calcium absorption
assist in blood clotting
synthesize DNA
form visual pigments
transfer electrons in cellular respiration
Your Answer:

form visual pigments
Retinol in the visual pigments is derived from vitamin A.
5 The hormone responsible for setting the basal metabolic rate is __________.

melatonin
thyroxine
melanin
insulin
glucagon
thyroxine
Thyroxine is the body's major controller of metabolism.
6 The site of electron transport is the __________.

Golgi body
mitochondrial matrix
mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae)
cytoplasm
mitochondrial outer membrane
mitochondrial inner membrane (cristae)
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion contains the integral proteins necessary for electron transport.
7 The main integrating center for thermoregulation is located in the __________.

thymus gland
spinal cord
mitochondrion
hypothalamus
liver
hypothalamus
The body's "thermostat" is the hypothalamus.
8 Which coenzyme is reduced in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

FAD
coenzyme A
manganese
vitamin A
NAD
NAD
NAD is reduced to NADH in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
9 Which element below is considered a trace mineral?

phosphorus
sodium
chlorine
chromium
potassium
chromium
Chromium is considered a trace mineral. Impaired glucose metabolism occurs without chromium.
10 Which lipoprotein contains the most cholesterol?

IDL
LDL
chylomicron
VLDL
HDL
LDL
LDLs are about 45% cholesterol.
11 Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in __________.

one or more of the coenzymes
one or more of the essential fatty acids
one or more of the major vitamins
one or more of the essential amino acids
one or more of the essential amino acids
Nutritionally incomplete proteins are low in one or more of the essential amino acids.
12 Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by __________.

the Krebs cycle
oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process
substrate-level phosphorylation
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process
Most of the ATP produced during cellular respiration is produced by oxidative phosphorylation during the chemiosmotic process.
13 A function of the liver during the postabsorptive state is __________.

to mobilize glucose reserves by glycogenolysis
to store excess glucose by glycogenesis
lipogenesis
glycolysis
electron transport to release glucose
to mobilize glucose reserves by glycogenolysis
The liver mobilizes glucose reserves quickly and efficiently to maintain blood sugar levels for about four hours during the postabsorptive state.
14 The hormone that controls essentially all events of the absorptive state is __________.

thyroxine
glucagon
insulin
ADH
calcitonin
insulin
Rising blood glucose levels after a carbohydrate-containing meal act as a humoral stimulus that prods the beta cells of the pancreatic islets to secrete more insulin.
15 Which of the following factors makes it harder for an obese person to lose weight?

an increase in taste receptors
an increase in thyroxine levels as fat levels accumulate
an increase in heat loss from the body that requires more food intake
an increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favors fat accumulation) in fat cells
an increase in metabolism that increases appetite
an increase in alpha receptors (the kind that favors fat accumulation) in fat cells
Fat cells of overweight people sprout more alpha receptors, which make it easier for fat cells to accumulate fat.
16 Which of the following is the amount of energy the body needs in order to perform only the most essential activities and is often referred to as the "energy cost of living"?

BMR
TMR
MR
BMI
BMR
The BMR is the only amount of energy required for "housekeeping" activities, which keep us alive.
17 Which of the following is NOT a physiological response to hypothermia?

dehydration
reduced heart rate
reduced respiratory rate
shivering
drowsiness
dehydration
Dehydration is typically associated with heat exhaustion or heat stroke, not hypothermia.
18 A kilocalorie is the amount of energy __________.

needed to move 1 kilogram of water 1 meter
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°F
stored in 1 kilogram of water
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°C
needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°C
A kilocalorie is the amount of energy needed to heat 1 kilogram of water 1°C.
19 Essential nutrients refer to nutrients that are __________.

limited in synthesis and therefore must be consumed
only found in grains
synthesized every day in the body
stored in the body for times of starvation
limited in synthesis and therefore must be consumed
Essential nutrients are substances the body cannot make fast enough to meet the body's needs, so our diet must provide them.
20 Prolonged high protein intake can lead to __________.

kidney damage
muscle building
loss of bone mass
a negative nitrogen balance
loss of bone mass
Prolonged high protein intake would lead to a positive nitrogen balance.
21 Which of the following substances is considered a provitamin?

vitamin D
iron
niacin
beta-carotene
beta-carotene
Vitamin D can be made in the skin and is not a provitamin. Beta-carotene is considered a provitamin because the body can convert it to vitamin A through digestion.
22 Which of the following fat-soluble vitamins is NOT stored in the body?

vitamin K
vitamin D
vitamin A
vitamin E
vitamin K
Vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin that is stored in the body.
23 The final product of glycolysis is __________.

two FAD molecules
two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP
glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
two molecules of acetyl coenzyme A and two molecules of carbon dioxide
two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP
The final product of glycolysis is two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of NAD+, and a net gain of two ATP.
24 Cyanide acts as a poison by __________.

interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain
abolishing the proton gradient by making the cristae membrane permeable to H+
blocking glycolysis
irreversibly binding to oxygen
interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain
Cyanide acts as a poison by interfering with the flow of electrons in the electron transport chain.
25 During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by __________.

gluconeogenesis
lipolysis
glycogenolysis
glycolysis
gluconeogenesis
During fasts lasting several weeks, blood glucose is maintained by gluconeogenesis by the kidney and liver.
26 A low-density lipoprotein contains __________.

a high lipid content
a low cholesterol content
a high protein content
a high amino-acid content
a high lipid content
The higher the percentage of a lipid in a lipoprotein, the lower the density.
27 The role of __________ is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.

low-density lipoproteins
very low-density lipoproteins
high-density lipoproteins
chylomicrons
high-density lipoproteins
Chylomicrons transport fat in the lymph. The role of high-density lipoproteins is to transport excessive cholesterol from peripheral tissue to the liver, where it is broken down and becomes part of bile.
28 The official medical measurement of obesity is the __________.

basal metabolic rate
proportion of bone density to weight
body mass index
proportion of LDLs to body weight
:

body mass index
The official medical measurement of obesity is the body mass index.
29 __________ acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting __________, which is the most powerful known appetite stimulant.

Insulin; glucagon
Leptin; neuropeptide Y
Serotonin; adrenaline
Growth hormone; lipase
Leptin; neuropeptide Y
Leptin acts to suppress appetite by inhibiting neuropeptide Y, which is the most powerful known appetite stimulant.
30 Which of the following statements about "redox" reactions in human metabolism is correct?

Oxidized substances lose oxygen.
Oxidized substances gain energy.
Coenzymes accept hydrogen.
The substance being reduced loses an electron.
Coenzymes accept hydrogen.
In a "redox" reaction, coenzymes accept hydrogen.
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