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cushman ch. 17 test

Terms in this set (51)

25 million
it's estimated that this many people died of plague in western europe
1/2 to 2/3
between the years 1300 and 1450, due to the combined effects of plague, famine and warfare, the total population of Europe declined about ________ os its original population.
decline in feudalism
expansion in manufacturing
increase in the importance of towns/cities
three important and long-lasting effects of the radical depopulation of europe
flagellants
religious extremists
acts of pennants
fasting and making pilgrimages to holy shrines are called this
antibiotics
the plague can be treated with
excommunicate
to exclude a person from church membership
concordat
an agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country
fief
land granted to a vassal
serf
a person who worked the lords land
vassal
a noble who held land and in return was given protection
feudalism
political system based on bonds of loyalty between lords and vassals
middle ages
a time in europe lasted from about 500 to 1500
what 3 types of middle ages where they
early,high,late
medieval
the term middle ages is derived from this word
roman empire and the renaissance
the middle ages are the period in europe between the fall of the _________ and the beginning of the __________
Gregory VII
he was elected pope. and he also forbade kings from appointing high- ranking church officials
Henry IV
the holy roman emperor that refused to obey Gregory VII
concordat of worms
an agreement between a new emperor and a new pope that said that only the pope could choose bishops and only the emperor could give them jobs in government
duties of monks
educated people, provided food to travelers, helped care for the sick. also important in preserving knowledge
Bible
monks made copies of this
heresy; inquisition
the catholic church tried to end this. it's religious beliefs that conflict with church teachings, by establishing a court called the
manors
fiefs were called this. lords ruled them and peasants farmed the land
serfs
most peasants were this which meant they could not leave the manor, own property, or marry without the lord's approval
england, france, spain, and russia
during the middle ages, four powerful kingdoms developed into nation-states
england
alfred the great united the anglo-saxons and drove the viking invaders out. this kingdom became "angleland" or
Richard the lion- hearted
Richard I, aka _________ became king of england
crusades
richard I proved to be an inefficient ruler because he spent most of his time away from england fighting in the
Magna Carta
in this document, King John granted a list of rights to nobles, thereby limiting royal power
the parliament
when king edward I gathered representatives from across england to a dives him to help him make laws this gathering was called
lords and commons
two houses
Franks
a group of people who were ancestors of the french people that lived in the region that is now modern-day france
charlemage
in the early 800s this , the king of franks, formed an empire that reached beyond the present-day borders of france
reconquista
ferdinand and isabella continued the conquest to regain all of spain from the muslims this was known as the
spanish inquisition
ferdinand and isabella viewed muslims and jews in spain as a threat. they took part in the inquisition. this became known as the
tsar
Ivan IV became the first to rule all of russia this ruler became known as the
Pope Urban II
he asked european leaders to capture jerusalem and free the homeland of Jesus from the muslims
truce
the third crusade ended in this
first crusade
six more crusades were staged, but they achieved little. muslims gradually regained territory they lost in the
religion
architecture represented the importance of this in the middle ages
cathedrals
churches
romanesque and gothic
two popular architectural styles
latin
the language of educated people in europe
vernacular
everyday people language
england, france, 1337
the hundred years war was between ________ and ________ in ___________
joan of arc
french peasant girl who fought with the french during hundred years war. the english captured her and had her tried by the inquisition, she was burned at the stake in 1431
french
these people finally defeated the english in 1453
norsemen
vikings were called this
vikings
scandinavian sailors who raided wide areas of europe during the middle ages
longships
vikings used these and mount raids along coastal villages in europe
Caffa
the mongols catapulted dead plague victims over the walls of this city
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