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Journal Article Bio Quiz

Terms in this set (19)

"cold chain"
a distribution network to maintain optimal cold temperatures
during transport, storage, and handling.
How much of the cost of a vaccine is used for cold storage?
The cold chain alone can account for 80% of
the financial cost of vaccination and is estimated to cost vaccine programs $200-300 million per year
Failures in the cold chain result in the loss of how much of global vaccines? And cause what problem?
half of all global vaccines

development of antibiotic-resistant strains
Silk fibroin
a biologically-derived protein polymer, purified
from domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori) cocoons,
with medical applications including biocompatibility, robust mechanical strength, and slow, controlled degradation to nontoxic products in vivo.
Silks can be prepared in these 3 ways
films, hydrogels, and microspheres
Silk is composed of a block co-polymer structure with large hydrophobic domains interspersed with small hydrophilic regions that form organized crystalline domains (β-sheets) that stabilize via physical
cross links.
nanoscale pockets that can immobilize bioactive molecules and improve their stability by minimizing water content and reducing protein chain mobility.
(around 178 °C) thermodynamically stable to changes in temperature and moisture, and mechanically robust due to the heavily networked β-sheet structures make it able to..
encapsulation of therapeutic compounds in silk matrices could stabilize labile antibiotics and vaccines, akin to enzyme stabilization in silk
What was the model vaccine used to investigate stabilization effects of silk matrices?
(MMR) Measles Mumps and Rubella
loses potency at temperatures above the
recommended 2-8 °C
What were the model antibiotics used to investigate stabilization effects of silk matrices?
Penicillin is unstable in solution, breaking down
within weeks at 25 °C and within 24 h at 37 °C
Tetracycline possesses broad specificity and low cost, but undergoes rapid photolysis and hydrolysis in solution
Tetracycline + silk
activity was lost only for films stored at 60 °C
activity loss was relatively low; approx. 10% and
20% loss after 2 and 4 wks, respectively, compared to 100% loss after 2 wks

Dry powder less effective the silk film except at 2 mo at 37 °C
Penicillin + Silk
approximately 50% after 183 d of storage in silk films for all temperatures tested.
For the first 40 d of storage, incubation enhanced penicillin activity above 100% of the initial value
lyophilized films improved the recovery of measles,
mumps, and rubella to?
94.7%, 87.0%, and 98.4%, respectively
DSC
differential scanning calorimetry
DLS
dynamic light scattering
The main cause of viral inactivation is
disruption of viral surface proteins and stresses such as elevated temperature can induce conformational
changes in viral proteins
Lyophilized silk systems exhibited the lowest degradation rates and longest half-lives, while lyophilized vaccine powder degraded fastest at all storage temperatures.
...
Eppendorf tubes allowed greater absorption
of humidity
...
Law of segragation
1. inherited characters are determined by genes
2. theses factors occur in pairs (homologous chromosomes)
3. gametes form and genes segregate
Each gamete has an equal chance of possessing either member of a pair of hc
Law of Independent assortmant
non homologous chromosomes will be distributed randomly into gametes
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