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Biology Vocabulary Chapter 11

Terms in this set (39)

protist
a member of the kingdom Protista; eukaryotic but not a true animal, plant, or fungus
protozoan
a member of the kingdom Protista that exhibits animal-like characteristics; most are motile and non-photosynthetic
eyespot
a light-sensitive area of some organisms
cyst
a structure similar to a spore that is formed as part of the life cycle of some organisms or when conditions become unfavorable
contractile vacuole
a vacuole, found in some cells, that collects water and expels it from the cell
amoeboid movement
a constant change in shape by an amoeba or similar cell by the formation of pseudopodia
pseudopodium
a cytoplasmic extension of a cell; used for locomotion or engulfing substances
taxis
an organism's response to a single stimulus
ciliate
a protozoan that possesses cilia
pellicle
a firm yet flexible covering outside the cell membrane of certain protozoans
macronucleus
an organelle found in certain protozoans; contains multiple copies of the cell's genetic material
micronucleus
the small reproductive nucleus in some protozoans
gullet
a food passageway into the digestive tract of an animal
trichocyst
an organelle in a paramecium that discharges a thread-like filament in response to stimuli
conjugation
a temporary union of two organisms or cells for the one-way transfer of genetic material; type of sexual reproduction
zooflagellate
a protozoan that possesses one or more flagella for propulsion; found in phylum Zoomastigina
algae
organisms in one of the seven primarily photosynthetic phyla of the kingdom Protista
seaweed
a term often applied to the larger multicellular types of algae
plankton
a tiny floating aquatic organism
zooplankton
plankton that are tiny animals or protozoans
phytoplankton
plankton that are photosynthetic organisms
thallus
a leaflike or plantlike structure in algae, fungi, and plants; not differentiated into true leaves, roots, or stems
sessile
in organisms, growing while attached to something else; nonmotile
zoospore
a motile, swimming spore; possesses cilia or flagella
zygospore
a zygote surrounded by a hard, protective covering to survive unfavorable conditions
oogonium
the structure that produces the ovum
antheridium
the reproductive structure that produces sperm in certain algae and nonvascular plants
fragmentation
a form of reproduction caused by the breaking of a colonial organism by a physical disturbance
euglenoid movement
a modified type of amoeboid movement seen in euglena
pyrenoid
a protein-containing structure present in the chloroplasts of algae; center for starch storage
diatom
one of the unicellular algae of phylum Bacillariophyta; has silicon in its cell walls
bloom condition
a rapid, seasonal reproduction of a particular organism in an optimal environment
dinoflagellate
a member of the phylum Dinoflagellata; a unicellular alga usually possessing two flagella of unequal length and having cell walls made of cellulose plates
water mold
a funguslike protist that reproduces both asexually and sexually through cells called sporangia; blights are common examples
sporangium
a structure in which spores are produced
slime mold
a funguslike protist that is classified as either a cellular or plasmodial species
fruiting body
the spore-producing reproductive structure of a slime mold
cellular slime mold
a slime mold of the phylum Acrasiomycota in which cells maintain their individual membranes but appear to be one single organism
plasmodial slime mold
an acellular slime mold of the phylum Myxomycota
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