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Romantic Final

Terms in this set (55)

Virtuoso
A person highly skilled in music or another artistic pursuit
Absolute Music
Idealized play of sound and form. Refers to nothing but itself—no program. Large scale
Program Music
Music recounts a narrative or sequence of events. Large scale
Character piece
Depicts or suggests a (single) mood, personality, or scene, usually indicated in its title. Small scale
Organic form
...
Ballad
Late 18th century German poet from the imitated the folk ballad of England and Scotland and was set to music by German composers
Modified strophic form
Contrast or change
Parlor Songs
Songs for home performance
Études
(studies/lessons) and exercises in increasing difficulty
Rubato
A departure from regular rhythm
Concert étude
A piece to enhance technique or a specific skill with significant artistic content is called this
Mazurka
A polish couple dance from the region around Warsaw. Triple meter
Polonaise
A courtly aristocratic dance in 3/4 often marked with rhythmic pattern of an eighth and two sixteenths
Nocturne
Short mood pieces with beautiful, embellished melodies above senorous accompaniments
Ballade
Three stanzas each sung to the same music and each ending with the same line of poetry which serves as a refrain
Recital
Solo concerts in large halls
Double-function form
Combinations of single-movement and multi-movement structures is known as
Transcriptions
Arrangements and reductions
Conductor
A person who leads a performance
Idée fixe
Uses a recurring theme through the work
Dies irae
Evil rendition of the Mass of the Dead
Col legno
With the wood
Overture
An orchestral piece introducing an opera or other long work
Concerto
Composition in which one or more solo instruments contrast with an orchestral ensemble
String Quintet
...
Choral societies
Members paid dues to purchase music, pay the conductor, and other expenses
Partsong
Songs for multiple voice parts without accompaniment
A capella
...
shape-note singing
Note heads indicate solmization syllables allowing for easy sight singing
Nationalism
• War helped to spread the concept of a nation as a group of citizens with a common heritage rather than as subjects of a ruler
• Italians identified so strongly with opera that plots had noting additional to add to make it national
• Germans used folklore peasants as characters references to German dances and folk songs
Bel canto
Beautiful singing
Exoticism
Legends, fairy tales, the supernatural
Rossini crescendo
Phrases are repeated higher and louder
Scene structure
• Cavatina—Entrance Aria
• Orchestra into
• Cantabile
• Cabaletta
Cantabile
A slow lyrical section of an aria that expresses calm moods (pensiveness, sadness, hope)
Cabaletta
The lively section of an aria that expresses livelier emotions like anger or joy.
Tempo di mezzo
Transition or interruption by other characters starts and in which something happens to alter the situation or the characters mood
Tempo d'attaco
Characters trade melodic phrases
Bel Canto Diva
...
Grand Opera
A serious form of opera that was sung thought and included ballets choruses and spectacular staging
Opéra Comique
Replaced recitative with spoken dialogue less pretentious than grand opera, requires fewer singers and avoided historical pageantry
Ballet
Starts in france. Dance was choreographed first then music made to fit it
Melodrama
A genre in musical theater that featured spoken dialogue accompanied by music
Minstrelsy
Use of banjo and call and response
Reminiscence motive
A recurring musical idea associated with a particular character or event
Leitmotiv(e)/Leitmotif
"leading motives" are associated with particular people, things, events, or ideas through the texts or situations with which they appear
Tristan chord
F-B-D#-G# Treated like an augmented 6th chord
Gesamtkuntswerk
"total or collective art work" that included music poetry, scenic design, staging, and action
Heldentenor
tenor-hero
Verismo
"true" opera in Italy that set everyday people especially the lower classes, in familiar situations, often depicting events that are brutal or sordid.
Developing Variations
The process of deriving new themes, accompaniments, and other ideas throughout a piece through variations of a germinal idea
Thematic Transformation
a method devised by Liszt to provide unity, variety, and a narrative-like logic to a composition by transforming the thematic material into new themes or other elements, in order to reflect the diverse moods needed to portray a programmatic subject
Symphonic Poems
A one-movement programmatic work with sections of contrasting character and tempo, presenting a few themes that are developed, repeated, varied, or transformed. These pieces are symphonic in sound, weight, and developmental procedures and are poems by analogy to literary poems. Content was usually suggested by a picture, statue, play, poem, scene, or personality that was identified by the title and usually by a program.
Société Nationale de Musique
National society of music. Gave concerts of works by French composers and sought to revive the great French music of the past
The Wagnerians
A group of composers and critics who were the "New German School" and tried to further new developments in composition
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