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Toxicology

Terms in this set (32)

What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Cholinergic
SLUDGE, "KIller B's" (bradycardia, bronchorrhea, bronchospasm)
Phostigmine, mushrooms, organophosphates
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Anticholinergic
Dry, Mad, Blind, Red

Atropine
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Opiod
Decreased respiratory, myosis, hypo's

Opiods
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Sympathomimetic
Tachy, Hypers, pupils dilated but unresponsive
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Sedative-Hypnotic
Ataxia, Blurry vision, Delerium, Coma

Benzos
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Sedative-Hypnotic withdrawl
Similar to sympathomimetic

Withdrawal from benzos, alcohol
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Serotonin Syndrome
Tremor, Insomnia, Clonus, GABA

SSRIs, SNRIs
What are symptoms and causes of the toxidrome:
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome
Hyperthermia, Lead-pipe rigidity, Rhabdomyolysis

Dopamine drugs
What does MUDPILES stand for?
Common drugs that cause Metabolic Acidosis

M methanol, metformin
U uremia
D diabetic ketoacidosis
P propylene glycol, propofol, paraldehyde
I iron, ibuprofen, isoniazid
L lactate
E ethanol, ethylene glycol
S salicylates, starvation ketoacidosis
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Acetaminophen
Creates the hepatotoxic metabolite NAPQI

Activated charcoal (if 1-4hrs)
N-acetylcyseine
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Tricylcic antidepressants
Inhibits Na+ channels of Purkinje fibers, inhibiting Ca2+ influx

Sodium bicarbonate

do NOT use hemodialysis
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Carbon monoxide
Competitively inhibits oxygen from binding to hemoglobin

100% oxygen and possibly hyperbaric
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Cyanide
Disrupts electron transport chain inhibiting cellular respiration

Activated charcoal
Amylnitrite (NO in burns)
Hydroxocobalamine (If burns)
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Lead
Affects brain and soft tissue

Succimer (for mild cases in children)

Dimercarprol
Calcium EDTA
D-penicillamine
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Iron
Local effects of GI and mucosa, hemorrhage

Deferoxamine
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Alcohols
Alcohol dehydrogenase metabolizes into a toxin

Fomepizole
Folic acid (methanol)
Thiamine and pyridoxine (ethylene glycol)
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (cholinergics)
Sludge

Atropine (still requires respiratory support)
Charcoal
Fresh air
Decontamination
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Wafarin
Bleeding

Kcentra followed by vitamin K
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Rattle snake bite
Immobilization
Endothelial damage
Digestive enzymes

CroFAB
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Anthrax
Doxycylcine
Or
Quinolone
And
Corticosteroid
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Botulism
tx with Botulinum antitoxin
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Caustic agents
tx with hydrogen flouride
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Opiods
tx with Nalaxone
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Excess atropine
tx with Physostigmine
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Benzodiazapines
tx with Flumazenil if in hospital and not previously given
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Oxalate
tx with Diphenhydramine
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Salicylates
tx with Sodium bicarbonate
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Theophylin
tx with Charcoal
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Digoxin
tx with Digoxin specific Fab
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Local anethestics
tx with Lipids
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Beta-blockers
tx with Ca2+ channel blockers
How is it toxic and what is the antidote:
Sulfonylureas and miglitinides
tx with Dextrose and support
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