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APES: Semester 2 Review
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Gravity
Also known as "55 more ways to go APES, Second-semester flash cards." Definitions are not my own. (:
Terms in this set (69)
natural radioactive decay
unstable radioisotopes decay, releasing gamma rays, as well as alpha and beta particles
half-life
the time it takes for the mass of a radioisotope to decay; each element has a specific half-life that can be seconds to thousands of years
nuclear fission
nulei of isotopes split apart when struck by neutrons
nuclear fusion
two isotopes are light elements (such as H) are forced together at high temperatures until they fuse to form a heavier nucleus; expensive and not cost-effective yet as an answer to the nuclear waste problem
ore
a rock that contains a large enough concentration of mineral, making it profitable to mine
conservation
best solution to energy shortage; also paired with an increase in efficiency
surface mining
the type of mining that is cheap, can remove more mineral, and is less hazardous to workers
point source
a source from a specific location, such as a pipe
non-point source
a source from over an area such as runoff (storm drains)
biological oxygen demand
also known as BOD, the amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic decomposers to break down organic materials
eutrophication
rapid algal growth caused by an an excess of nitrogen and phosporous
hypoxia
when aquatic organisms die, the BOD rises as aerobic decomposers break down the plants, the DO drops, and water cannot support life; low oxygen conditions
primary air pollutants
produced by humans and nature (CO, CO2, SO2, NO, hydrocarbons and particulates)
secondary air pollutants
formed by the reaction of primary pollutants
source of particulate matter
the burning/oxidation of fossil fuels and car exhuast
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Verified questions
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Use the following terms to create a concept map: control group, experiment, experimen-tal group, prediction, data, observations, conclusions, and hypothesis.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Which of the following best describes the U.S. justification for not signing the Kyoto Protocol after it was modified in 2001? (a) The U.S. government argued that the protocol imposed unreasonably stringent regulations on developing nations. (b) It is impossible to reduce carbon emissions without causing substantial harm to the U.S. economy. (c) The U.S. Senate voted unanimously that the United States should not sign any international agreement that lacked restrictions on developing countries. (d) The agreement did not require sufficient reductions in the carbon emissions of China and India despite their large population sizes. (e) Signing the agreement was unnecessary for the United States, because the Supreme Court had already ruled that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has the authority to regulate greenhouse gases as part of the Clean Air Act.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
What is the difference between native elements and compounds?
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
As people become more concentrated in cities, some pressure on ecosystems in areas that are now less populated eases. Why do you think this is the case?
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