Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

CTE 4443 Final

Terms in this set (105)

product integrity
way materials and other aspects of the product work together to affect consumer satisfaction
internal integrity
consistency among materials, function, and structure
external integrity
consistency between product performance and consumer expectations
tolerances
acceptable range of variation from specification
digital format
electronic files about product (design, pattern, materials, color, and assortments) and product line shared among designers, product development teams, suppliers, distribution, marketing, and sales
product lifespan management (PLM)
enables electronic communication of every detail about every product throughout the supply chain
mass customization
made to order approach for specific customers; focus on size, fit, style of product, material pattern, and color
function
defines how well a product does what it is designed to do
clo
resistance to dry heat transfer provided by clothing; amount of insulation necessary to maintain comfort under specified conditions
protective clothing
designed to minimize injury during work and play. ASTM specifications for athletic and occupational clothing
appearance
how item looks when viewed from near perspective, i.e., at conversational distance
workmanship
how product's materials and construction affect appearance
size
important, length, width, depth, circumference, and vertical product dimensions
fit
how product dimensions relate to 3-D form, body, or other object
body scanning
process of using reflected light to determine the complex 3-d shape of the human body; used to determine standard sizes
garment or product balance
point at which garment naturally rides on or drapes from body or form
construction
way that product parts, components, and materials are combined
engineering specs
construction specs are also known as
finishing
procedures used to achieve final or finished appearance
product zoning
company recognizes that some parts of a product have a more crucial role for appearance than other parts
zones
are most visible are of greater importance than parts that are less visible
packaging
manner in which products are transported, shipped, and presented to customers or the ultimate consumer
production lot
composed of homogeneous products (same materials, process, operator)
sampling (or taking a sample)
process of selecting items from production lot to evaluate in product audit
sample
subset of production lot; items removed from production or shipping lot represent quality range
bias
samples should be free of this; systematic error in how samples are selected
random sample
each product in lot has an equal chance of being selected for inspection regardless of its production sequence, color, size, style, location in box or crate, or other factor of production, packaging, or convenience; assign separate number to each item in lot, randomly select numbers, and pull corresponding products
representative sample
all styles, colors, sizes, and planned product variations; common with apparel and furnishings, but not random unless each item had an equal chance of being selected
convenience sample
sample items selected because of ease of location and selection compared to other potential samples; avoid because they are not random and representative of entire lot
stratified sample
lot is stratified into layers, each layer subdivided into cubes; when cube is included in sample, every item in that cube is in the sample
constant percentage sample
same percentage is used regardless of lot size to determine number of units to be sampled, but sampling plan does not offer adequate protection for small lots (too few items inspected) and too much protection for large lots (too many items inspected)
systematic sample
selects units from equally occurring locations or at equal intervals of time; often used on continuously operating production lines where identical product are produced for long periods of time
sampling plan
describes how to select reasonable number of products to represent production unit or lot based on color, size, style, and other dimensions of importance
acceptance sampling
inspection and evaluation of sample products selected from production lots for predetermined and defined quality characteristics after production
MIL STD 105E (ANSI/ASQ Z1.4-2003, or AS) 2859-1))
basis for sampling and setting acceptable quality limits
lot by lot sample
samples are pulled from each production lot; preferred for fashion goods because materials, styling, and assembly change frequently
lot by lot acceptance sampling by attribute
sample from each lot inspected according to attributes
attributes
specific criteria (size, appearance, closure function, color match, and seam appearance)
skip lot sample
used to decrease sampling; especially common with producers of consistently high quality products, with high level production history, or when materials, styling, and assembly change infrequently (basic goods)
continuous production sample
used when products or processes are consistent for long periods of time and product is essentially unchanged within time frame
standard product or standard
meets all specs and requirements
alpha or supplier risk or type 1 error
possibility that acceptable lots will be rejected
beta or consumer risk or type 2 error
possibility that inferior lots will be accepted
acceptance
lot meets/exceeds standards and specs; buyer accepts (buys) lot
rejection
lot fails standards and specs; buyer refuses to buy (rejects) lot
sampling for destructive testing
ensure adherence to performance standards and specs; first production lot samples to ensure use of specified materials and processes before production of large numbers of products
inspection level
identifies specific number of products pulled for sample
normal inspection
used when no evidence exists that product quality submitted for evaluation is better or poorer than specified quality level; usually used at beginning of inspection process and at beginning of buyer-supplied association
tightened inspection
used when product inspection shows that product quality is deteriorating
reduced inspection level
used when product quality is very good; requires smaller sample size; voluntary when criteria have been met for a long period of time
defect
any nonconformance of product with specific requirements
defective
product with one or more defects
critical defect
results in hazardous or unsafe conditions for individuals using, maintaining, or depending on product or prevents performance of tactical function of major end use item
major defect
likely to result in product failure or to reduce potentially product usability for its intended purpose; wth textile and apparel products, major defects adversely affect product appearance, function, and performance
minor defect
not likely to reduce materially product usability or departure from established standards with little bearing on effective product use or operation
acceptance quality level (AQL)
minimal standard for satisfactory process or product average
percentage defective
percentage based on number of defects and sample size
defects per hundred units (DHU)
percentage based on number of defect and sample size 100
total quality management (TQM)
integrated effort to improve performance at every level by every employee
technical systems
equipment and procedures in place in organization to assist in meeting objectives
people systems
individuals and roles within organization
preventive perspective
identify potential problem areas, develop solution, and implement it to prevent foreseeable problem from occurring
procedures or processes
provide details describing how to accomplish a given activity
objective
statement of desired result to be achieved within specified time
continuous improvement
constant effort to refine processes so that result is overall increase in quality of products or services
sporadic problems
sudden adverse changes in the product or process and are remedied by identifying why the problem occurred and restoring the product or process to its normal condition
chronic problem
a long term adverse situation in which the remedy is related to changing or modifying the status quo
six sigma
fact based, data intensive approach that focuses on defect prevention rather than defect identification
quality function deployment (QFD)
technique in which interlocking matrices translate customer needs into product and process characteristics
benchmarking
comparing and measuring organization's operations/internal processes against best in class performer (inside or outside the industry)
competitive analysis
organization compares competitor's product against its own to improve its product and make it more competitive
cross-functional team
group of individuals work together, represent different departments or specifications
specific-purpose teams
individual members serve in regular roles in organization, meet on periodic basis to deal with specific issue; disband when it is resolved
self-managing team
plans, implements, and controls work to reach defined business objectives; often organized to deal with specific issue
ethical behavior
following and demonstrating personal behavior and professional practices that subscribe to society's values
ethics
rules or standards governing professional behavior and conduct
function
defines how well a product does what it is designed to do
4.5 seconds
How long does it have to take for children's sleepwear to catch on fire for it to be deemed acceptable?
AATCC
Focuses on textile chemistry and the wet processing industry
ASTM
An international organization that develops and promotes use of standard documents and procedures, world's largest nongovernmental standards writing body
standards
A set of characteristics or procedures that provide a basis for resource and production decisions, used to describe many things
specifications
Precise statement of a set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product, system, or service that indicates the procedures for determining whether each of the requirements is satisfied, required expectations, include specific terms, numerical values, and units
tolerance
Range of acceptable values or allowable deviations from specified values
minimum
Least or lowest acceptable value for any given parameter or dimension
foam tear
foam portion of laminated fabric ruptures before bond failure
blister or bubble
• Bulge, swelling, or similar alteration of material surface
crack mark
• Sharp break or crease in surface when rolled, bent, draped, or folded
pucker
• Wavy 3-D effect; closely spaced wrinkles
delamination
partial separation of fabric layers
seam slippage
partial or complete loss of seam integrity manifested by yarn slippage parallel or adjacent to stitch line; when yarns react to force exerted on seam and move away from normal positions
seam failure
point at which external force ruptures sewing thread or fabric, causes excessive yarn slippage adjacent to stitch line, or any combination
seam damage
reduction in seam efficiency caused by change in physical condition of one or more seam components
seam pucker
distortion of fabric either during seam construction or later
seam jamming
type of seam pucker that occurs if yarns in fabric buckle
needle damage
Partially or completely severs yarns, deflects yarns at stitching line, or fuses fibers by needle
grin
Individual stitches seen at stressed seams
shiners
Created at seams when needle snags yarn pulling it tighter than other yarns in surrounding fabric
color contrast
Needle damage altering appearance of printed or yarn dyed fabrics
metamerism
color of two materials match when viewed under one light source, but not when viewed under any other light source
bezoid effect
Merging of two or more tiny color areas into one new color
product inspection
Search for nonadherence to characteristics, dimensions, and parameters; detectably by eye and measuring devices
in-process inspection
Aka during production or du-pro inspection, Check components/materials during production, Asses conformance to standards and specs, Components examined before assembly to ensure standards and specs are met
process improvement
feedback loop to correct sources of defect
quality check points
Process control points/gatekeeping, Ensure inspection during spreading and sewing, after cutting and finishing
final inspection
Ensures that finished product meets required standards and specs, Done before packaging
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...