Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

psych of personality

Terms in this set (120)

Forming mental pictures of what you see is called
A. Imaginal coding
Negative reinforcement ____ the occurrence ig behavior through
No A. decreases; removal
Skill deficits often arise because people
A. lack appropriate nodels from who to learn
Which of the following are most important to assessment from the social cognitive..
not A. behavioral observation
Verbal coding refers to:
not B. mimicking the speech of a model
A high school biology class is well behaved when the primary instructor is there, but.. class behavior has come under
A. stimulus control
Thorndike's law of effect states that
D. behavior followed by negative outcomes are less likely to be repeated
Conditioning in which the reflective reactions elicit positive or negative feelings is called
B. motivational conditioning
A behavior built in by partial reinforcement
B. is less resistant to extinction than one built by continuous reiforcement
When CS-CR pairing acts like another reflex it can serve as a reflex for another instance of conditioning this is called
Not A. Secondary conditioning
Newer learning theories differ from earlier ones in that in that the newer ones:
Not D. All of the above
Conditioning occurs when a(n) ___ is paired
C. CS, US
Spontaneous recovery refers to the
Not D. All of the above
To be sure classical conditioning has occurred
A. Present the CS without the US and see if a response occurs
Cancer patients who undergo chemotherapy are often given a distinctive food before the chemotherapy. By doing this doctors can
Not D. All of the above
Contingency management
C. Increases and decreases reinforcements for desired an undesired action respectively
The principle of generalization explains the ___ of certain behaviors across situations
C. Consistency
The __ and the ___ Will generally have the same pleasant or unpleasant qualities
Not A. CR or CS
Punishment
C. Either adds pain or removes pleasure
Vicarious reinforcement refers to
not A. Learning through having your behavior rewarded
Which of the following have the strongest influence on efficiency perceptions according to Bandura
Not C. Vicarious emotional responses
A child who has been conditioned to fear dogs after having been knocked down by onebegins to show the same fear around cats this is an example of
C. Generalization
Research on modeling in therapy has focused
C. Both of the above
In the context of conditioning discrimination refers to responding
D. Differently to different stimuli
All of the following are reflexes except
B. Upcoming test studying for it
Research by Bandura in which adults modeled aggressive acts for children provides a good illustration of the difference between
Not C. The perceived locus and stability of a cause for behavior
Smiles hugs and prayers are all examples of
Not A. Primary reinforcers
Before conditioning occurs a___ produces ___
B. US and UR
Critics of media violence argue that in the media
Not b. Those who commit aggressive acts are usually punished for their deeds
When therapy works according to Bandura it's because the therapy restored the persons
Not a. Stability
Generalization occurs when a person responds
A. Similarly to slightly different stimuli
A simple distinction among schedules of reinforcement is between
A. Continuous and partial
When the unconditioned stimulus and the condition stimulus are paired frequently the condition stimulus acquires the ability to
C. Produce a conditioned response
When a CS is represented repeatedly without the US
Not A. The CS continues to be elicited unchanged
Research pairing political slogans with positive negative or neutral stimulus have suggested peoples likings for slogan could
A. Either be increased or decreased
The term instrumental conditioning is often used interchangeably with the term
c. Operant conditioning
Physiological assessment of personality
Not A. Focuses on the frequency of emotional reactions
positive reinforcement ___ The occurrence of behavior through the____ of something that is pleasant
A. Increases addition
Punishers are intended to
b. Reduce the tendency to behave in a particular way
Self reinforcement refers to the idea that people
Not B. React to their own actions with approval
Why is modeling affected at producing behavior change according to Bandura
B. The person in therapy increases his/her sense of efficiency
Research on repeated exposure to violence had shown that
A. It desensitized observers to the implications of suffering
Every time mark studies for a test between 8 pm and 11 pm he gets at least a 95% correct on the test
B. Discriminative, under stimulus control
Classical conditioning requires
Not D. All of the above
All of the following are examples of secondary reinforcements except
Not A. Money
After CS has been conditioned to produce a CR it is possible to substitute a different but similar CS which will produce the same zCe
A. Generalization
_____ occurs in instrumental conditioning when a behavior that one led to a reinforcer does no longer
D. Extinction
When you experience the same emotion as someone you're observing
B. Empathy
____ helps you to produce a persons likes and dislikes preferences and biases
Not D. All of the above
Which of the following is true about symbolic models
C. They can be figures on television or in books
Classical conditioning is sometimes referred to as.
Not D. All of the above
Primary reinforcers
A. Reduce biological needs
In instrumental conditioning a ___ is anything that strengths a behavioral tendency
C. Reinforcer
Which of the following statements is true about instrumental conditioning
Not A. It is sometimes referred to as Pavlovian conditioning
Miller and dollards habit hierarchy
Not D. All of the above
Which kind of model seems to be completely without fear
A. Master
After a person sees violence condoned on television similar tactics often appear in the viewers actions
Not D. Participant modeling
Observational learning begins to occur
Not A. Shortly after birth
Which of the following variables determines how much attention a model will command
Not B. The observers capabilities and intent
Vicarious emotional arousal
A. Occurs when you feel the same emotion as another person
When exposure to violent stimuli no longer triggers feelings of shock and upset individuals
B. Desensitized
The conditioning perspective can be criticized in that
Not D. None of the above
People with high efficiency expectations
A. Experiences less grief following bereavement
A social cognitive leaning psychologist would emphasize
D. All of the above
A researcher measures fearfulness by observing how close a subject comes to a nonpoisonous snake
B. Behavioral
Which statement best describes banduras findings about observational learning
C. Children tend to act aggressively towards the doll if they had seen an adult
The specific name for therapy used to overcome phobias
A. Systematic desensitization
After experiencing an interruption of action frank begins to consider
A. Work on the paper with renewed effort
Wine people perform every activities such as doing laundry
D. Programs
In instrumental conditioning a ___ is anything that strengths a behavioral tendency
C. Reinforcer
____ helps you to produce a persons likes and dislikes preferences and biases
Not D. All of the above
Which of the following is true about symbolic models
...
_____ occurs in instrumental conditioning when a behavior that one led to a reinforcer does no longer
E. Extinction
Research on repeated exposure to violence had shown that
A. It desensitized observers to the implications of suffering
Every time mark studies for a test between 8 pm and 11 pm he gets at least a 95% correct on the test
...
Research on repeated exposure to violence had shown that
A. It desensitized observers to the implications of suffering
Research on repeated exposure to violence had shown that
...
Psychologists who people as __ see humans as capable of choosing
C. Motivated tacticians
Cognitively based attitude is to -- as ___ attitude is to emotion
Not C. Values / affective my based
Williams James 1842-1910
D. Thoughts and beliefs about ourselves / the active processing of info
When a given schema is activated
A. People attempt to info consistent with that schema
When we are in a state of ___ we evaluate or compare
A. Self awareness
An important function of controlled thinking is to
A. Provide a Che m on automatic processing
____posits that we learn about our own abilities
D. Social comparison theory
Pablito is feeling sand a dejected as a result of self discrepancy
Not d. Actual/true
Accepting to self verification theory
C. We are highly certain of out negative sell beliefs
Which of the following represents the utilitarian aspect of an attitude object
A. The mirage of a car
What times of attitudes best predict spontaneous behavior?
A. Highlight accessible attitudes
Self schemas differ from other schemes in that they are
D. More likely to incde emotional elements
Why do we use schemas
B. Without schemas the world would seem inexplicable and confusing
____attitudes are based primarily on people's beliefs
A. Cognitively based
Psychologist who view people as \___ argue that social psychologists
C. Motivated tacticians
Which of the following statements about self schemes is not true
Not C. Self shames contain both positive and negative information
According to the theory of planned behavior
B. Ones intention to ride the roller coaster
Once we have developed a new schema we often overlook ignore or forget
D. Cognitive filters
Self discrepancy theory hold that people
Not C. Seek out social validation
The ___ component of attitudes is to emotional reactions as the
Not D. Evaluative / behavioral
According to sucks psychologists when. People encounter
D. Finding a way to avoid personal responsibility
What is the major advantage of processing information automatically
Not b.
A major problem with schemes is that
Not c
People develop schematic repesentations of
D
Although social psychologists sometimes disagree about what makes for attitude
D
Why do schemas differ from culture to culture
A
In most cases when we encounter a fact that is inconsistent
A
Upward social comparison is to --- as downward social comparison is to --
B
Which of te following theories posits that people will go to great lengths to confirm negative
A
Psychologists distinguish between two types of cognitive processing __ processing g in nonconscious and unintentional
C
According to sucks psychologists one of the most powerful determinants of human behavior
C
___ is to aspiration as -- is to obligation
Not A
People are flexible thi miners who wisely choose on the basis
D
Why do our schemas sometimes ensure even in the face of
B
___is to predicting spontaneous behavior as -- is to predicting deliberate behavior
B
A self schema
Not b
__ are the cognitive structures we use to organize
Not C
According to izek ajzen and Martin fishbeins theory of pls bed behavior
Not D
Humans are so limited in their cognitive abilities that they will
A
Refers to the way people select interpret remember
D
__ processing is nonconscious effortless
A
According to Tory higginst__ is to who we are as
A
Which of the following statements is not consistent with vallaxher and wegner
Not c
Students also viewed