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the digestive system and body metabolism

Terms in this set (33)

oral cavity
the digestive system is responsible for many body processes. its functions begin when food is taken into the mouth, or __________.
digestion
The process called __________ occurs as food is broken down both chemically and mechanically.
blood stream
For the broken-down foods to be made available to the body cells, they must be absorbed through the digestive system walls into the ________.
passed and defacation
Undigestible food remains are removed, or _________, from the body in ____________.
alimentary canal
The organs forming a continuous tube from the mouth to the anus are collectively called the ________.
accessory
Organs located outside the digestive tract proper, which secrete their products into the digestive tract, are referred to as ____________ digestive system organs.
mesentery
structure that suspends the small intestine from the posterior body wall
villi
fingerlike extensions of the intestinal mucosa that increase the surface area
Peyer's patches
collections of lymphatic tissue found in the submucosa of the small intestine
plicae circulares
folds of the small intestine wall
oral cavity and stomach
two anatomical regions involved in the physical breakdwon of food
tongue
organ that mixes food in the mouth
pharynx
common passage for food and air
lesser omentum and greater omentum and mesentery
three extensions/modifications of the peritoneum
esophagus
literally a food chute; has no digestive or absorptive role
rugae
folds of the stomach mucosa
haustra
saclike outpocketings of the large intestine wall
microvilli
projections of the plasma membrane of a cell that increase the cell's surface area
ileocecal valve
prevents food from moving back into the small intestine once it has entered the large intestine
small intestine
organ responsible for most food and water absorption
colon
organ primarily involved in water absorption and feces formation
vestibule
area between the teeth and lips/cheeks
appendix
blind sac hanging from the initial part of the colon
stomach
organ in which protein digestion begins
lesser omentum
membrane attached to the lesser curvature of the stomach
small intestine
organ into which the stomach empties
pyloric valve
sphincter controlling the movement of food from the stomach into the duodenum
soft palate
uvula hangs from its posterior edge
small intestine
organ that receives pancreatic juice and bile
parietal peritoneum
serosa of the abdominal cavity wall
anal canal
region, containing two sphincters, through which feces are expelled from the body
hard palate
anterosuperior boundary of the oral cavity; supported by bone
visceral peritoneum
serous membrane forming part of the wall of the small intestine
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