Ch.22

Terms in this set (47)

moistens, warms, and filters incoming air

ridges in the nasal cavity that direct air throught the nasal meatuses

air is forced into these canals to be moistened and filtered

only used if inhaling through the mouth; does not filter air as effectively as the nasal cavity

your throat; where the nasal and oral cavities join

voicebox, protects vocal cords

membranes that change tension to alter the pitch of your voice

valsalva's maneuver

vocal cord muscles prevent opening of the glottis during defecation or heavy lifting

opening between the vocal cords when you speak

laryngeal prominence

circoid cartilage

ring of cartilage below the thyroid cartilage

the last ring of the tracheal cartilage before the trachea splits into the bronchi

deepest layer that contains ciliated simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells

connective tissue that anchors the muscosa, contains mucus glands

superficial layer made of connective tissue

trachealis muscle

located on the posterior portion of the trachea, contracts to force mucus outward

superior tip of the lung

inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphram

pulmonary arteries

carry deoxygenated blood from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs

pulmonary veins

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)

conducting zone

delivers gases to and from the respiratory zone

respiratory zone

where gas exchange takes place between the respiratory and circulatory systems

simple squamous epithelium designed for quick diffusion of O2 and CO2

flattens and expands the thoracic cavity during inspiration

external intercostals

assists diaphragm during inspiration

internal intercostals

assists during forced exhalation

pulmonary ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs

as the volume goes down, pressure goes up ( and vice versa)

the movement of air into the lungs

total amount of air inhaled per breath (500 mL is average)

anatomical dead space

air that enters the respiratory tract, but does not reach the alveoli (50 mL is average)

alveolar dead space

volume of alveoli that are non-functional due to disease or obstruction (0 mL is average for a healthy person)

total dead space

anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space (1500 mL is average)

external respiration

o2 and co2 exchange at the alveoli

movement of o2 towards the tissue and co2 away from the tissues

obstructive disease

the airway is blocked or the passageway diameter is reduced; temporary

inflammation of the bronchi due to infection of smoking

narrowing of the passageways, caused by allergies and exercise

restrictive disease

gas exchange is reduced due to loss of functional alveoli

scarring of the lungs due to asbestos, infection, toxic esposure

cystic fibrosis

abnormal mucus production caused by a protein abnormality

contagious bacterial infection of the lungs that can affect other parts of body

deterioration of the alveoli due to smoking

infection of the lungs that can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic

viral infection

cancerous cells are created by mutations and the cells divide to form a malignant tumor

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