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Ch.22
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Gravity
Terms in this set (47)
nasal cavity
moistens, warms, and filters incoming air
nasal conchae
ridges in the nasal cavity that direct air throught the nasal meatuses
nasal meatuses
air is forced into these canals to be moistened and filtered
oral cavity
only used if inhaling through the mouth; does not filter air as effectively as the nasal cavity
pharynx
your throat; where the nasal and oral cavities join
larynx
voicebox, protects vocal cords
vocal cords
membranes that change tension to alter the pitch of your voice
valsalva's maneuver
vocal cord muscles prevent opening of the glottis during defecation or heavy lifting
glottis
opening between the vocal cords when you speak
laryngeal prominence
adams apple
circoid cartilage
ring of cartilage below the thyroid cartilage
trachea
windpipe
carina
the last ring of the tracheal cartilage before the trachea splits into the bronchi
mucosa
deepest layer that contains ciliated simple columnar epithelium and goblet cells
submuscosa
connective tissue that anchors the muscosa, contains mucus glands
adventitia
superficial layer made of connective tissue
trachealis muscle
located on the posterior portion of the trachea, contracts to force mucus outward
apex
superior tip of the lung
base
inferior surface of the lung that rests on the diaphram
pulmonary arteries
carry deoxygenated blood from the heart (right ventricle) to the lungs
pulmonary veins
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart (left atrium)
conducting zone
delivers gases to and from the respiratory zone
respiratory zone
where gas exchange takes place between the respiratory and circulatory systems
alveoli
simple squamous epithelium designed for quick diffusion of O2 and CO2
diaphragm
flattens and expands the thoracic cavity during inspiration
external intercostals
assists diaphragm during inspiration
internal intercostals
assists during forced exhalation
pulmonary ventilation
movement of air into and out of the lungs
boyle's law
as the volume goes down, pressure goes up ( and vice versa)
inspiration
the movement of air into the lungs
tidal volume
total amount of air inhaled per breath (500 mL is average)
anatomical dead space
air that enters the respiratory tract, but does not reach the alveoli (50 mL is average)
alveolar dead space
volume of alveoli that are non-functional due to disease or obstruction (0 mL is average for a healthy person)
total dead space
anatomical dead space + alveolar dead space (1500 mL is average)
external respiration
o2 and co2 exchange at the alveoli
transport
movement of o2 towards the tissue and co2 away from the tissues
obstructive disease
the airway is blocked or the passageway diameter is reduced; temporary
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi due to infection of smoking
asthma
narrowing of the passageways, caused by allergies and exercise
restrictive disease
gas exchange is reduced due to loss of functional alveoli
fibrosis
scarring of the lungs due to asbestos, infection, toxic esposure
cystic fibrosis
abnormal mucus production caused by a protein abnormality
tuberculosis
contagious bacterial infection of the lungs that can affect other parts of body
emphysema
deterioration of the alveoli due to smoking
puemonia
infection of the lungs that can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or parasitic
influenza
viral infection
lung cancer
cancerous cells are created by mutations and the cells divide to form a malignant tumor
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