anatomy samsam test 5 - ORAL AND NASAL

oral cavity
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Terms in this set (60)
oral cavity
may be divided into the vestibulum of the mouth and proper behind that
vestibule of the mouth
between the cheeks and lips
oropharyngeal isthmus
flanked by palatoglossal and palaopharyngeal folds
tonsilar fossa
containing the palatine tonsil is found between folds
tensor veli palatini (CN5)
all muscles by pharyngeal plexus CN 10 and CN9 except
roof of oral cavity
composed of the hard and soft palates
hard palate
forms the anterior 3/5 of the palate and consists of the horizontal processes of the maxillary and palatine bones; separates the respiratory and the digestive tracts
soft palate
consists of muscle, glands, lymphoid issue and an aponeurosis; on oral side it is covered by stratified squamous epith.
uvula
hangs from the posterior border of the soft palate in the midline
palatine tonsil
at entrance of oral cavity; lymph tissue
cleft palatefailure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum, and/or the median palatine process; multifactorial causes: increased sterior in fetal life increases chance of cleft lip/palate (posterior more common)cleft lipfailure of fusion of the maxillary and medial nasal process lading to persistent labial groove, uni and bilayer; unilateral is most common congenital malformation of the headfloor of mouthformed mainly by myelohyoid and geniohyoid muscles; sublingual gland lies on either sides between these muscles and the mandiblevestibular of mouthcartoid gland, upper 2nd molar piereces buccinator muscle and opens intosalivary glandspartoid gland, submandibular gland, and sublingual gland; produce saliva and release it to the oral cavity through their ducts; receive parasympathetic innervation from superior and inferior salivatory nuclei throughout CN7 and CN9mumpsinflammation of the parotid gland causes by mumps virus1Lamount of saliva produced daily; parasympathetic main part of secretionassonancemain part of secretion glands, pushes it into lumenparotid glandserous typesubmandibular and sublingualmixed serous and mucous typeparasympathetic nervesCN 3,7,9,10measlesexteremly contagious, 7-14 days oof incubation period, begins with fever, cough, conjunctivitis, excessive mucous production filled by Koplik's spots (red with white center)Bell's palsyparalysis of facial muscles due to CN7Herpes Simplex 1lesions around the lips and in the moth, virus is dormant in sensory ganglia and reactivated by stress, sunlight, menseslichen planusfine lacy white lines on mucosa (Wickham's stria)aphthous ulcerscanker sores or stress ulcers, localized ulceration in the moth, grayish lesion on a red base, painful, stress inducedpeutz jegher syndromeautosomal dominant disease, polyps of GItract and melanocytic pigmentation of the lips and oral mucosaaddison's diseaseexcess ACTH, melanocyte stimulating propertiesheavy metal poisoninglead line in gingiva, silver poisoningteethlie close together and shaped according to function; incisors for biting, canon teeth for tearing and gripping, premolar and molar for grinding and crushingparts of teethcrown; extends able the gingiva and covered by enamel, root is covered by cement, root apex is perforated by root canal which leads into the pulp cavity, nucleus of tooth is made up of dentineruption of teethincisors erupt at about 6-8month old baby; 20 milk teeth and 32 permeant teeth; by 2 years all 20 teeth and around 6 teeth shedcongenital syphillisdeformed teeth, mental retardation, hydrocephalus, deafness, blindnesstetracyclinegiven to a child leads to yellow discoloration of the tooth and enamel hypoplasia and reduced growth of long bonespharynxtube about 12cm long, at base of skull, 3 parts naso,oro, hypowaldeyer's ring of lymphoid tissuepharyngeal tonsil, palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils, tubal tonsils, form ring around the pharynx and protect the respiratory and the gi tract from foreign organismsadenoid facewhen adenoid swells and closes pharynx thus patient must continuously breath through their mouthtonguemucosa of dorsum contains various papillae that increase the area for taste receptors; mucosa contains taste buds which are sensory organs, scattered in stratified squamous epithelium which is keratinizing a bitfungiform papillaescattered over the dorsum and around the apex, reddish, have taste buds but no gustatory glandfilliform papillaesmallest, mainly covering the dorsum of the tongue parallel to the terminal sulcus, sensitive to touchfoliate papillaeare at the sides of tongueterminal sulcusbehind is back of tongue which is lingual lymph tissuesvallate papillaelargest, 8-10 in number, lying in a row beginning just anterior to the terminal sulci and foramen cecum, most taste budstongue innervationmuscles by CN12 and taste by CN7,9,10inferior surface of tonguemucous membrane forms frenulum of tongue in center, well developed apical veins of tongue on both sides have a bluish appearance, lingual veins are important for sublingual drug administrationmacroglossiain hypothyroidism or amyloidisis, in cretinismparanasal sinusescovered by mucous membrane (pseudo stratified ciliated ) with motile cilia, glands, and rich in blood supply to warm/cool air; add resonance to sound, make head lighterfrontal sinusdrains into the middle meatus via frontonasal ductethmoidal air cellsin ethmoidal labyrinth between orbit and nasal cavities, 3 setsposterior cellsdrain into superior meatusanterior cellsdrain into middle meatusmiddle cellsdrain on or above ethmoidal bulla in the middle meatussphenoidal sinusdrains into sphenoethmoidal recessmaxillary sinuslargest, in maxilla, drains into semilunar hiatus of the middle meatussinusitisacute or chronic inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal and para-nasal sinusesnasal septal deviationcan partly block the nasal passaserhinitisinflammation of the nasal mucous membranerhinorrheadischarge from the nasal mucous membraneCSF rhinorrheadue to the fracture of the cribriform plate and meningeal tearsnasal polypis a pinkish gray color focal thickening of the mucosa due to edema, a meningocele might be present in the nose, however, its removal leads to CSF leakage