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Samsam Anatomy Test 5 - FEMALE PELVIS

Terms in this set (71)

pelvis
part of the trunk infer-posterior to the abdominal cavity; contains distal part of the intestine and the urinary tract and the internal genital organs
bony pelvis
composed of the hip bones; sacrum and coccyx
superior pelvis
called false pelvis; anterior wall muscular
inferior pelvis
called true pelvis, anterior wall bony
superior pelvis apeture
border between true and false pelvis; between promontory of the sacrum and the pubic tubercle
pelvic outlet
between tip of the coccyx and lower border of the pubic symphysis
pelvic diaphragm
is the levator ani muscle
perineum
contains the penis, scrotum and anus in male and in female includes external genitalia and anus
levator ani muscles
puborectalis, pubococcygeous, and ileococcygeous
iliacus muscle and psoas major muscle
ala of ilium covered by
lateral wall
covered by the obturator interns muscle arising from pelvic surface of the ilium and ischium beneath the pelvic brim
posterior wall
composed of the piriformis
pelvic floor
consists of the levator ani and the coccygeous
alcock's canal
contains pudenal nerve and internal pudenal artery and vein (formed by fascia of internal obterator internus)
internal iliac atery
main blood supply of pelvis
bifurcation of abdominal aorta
there is median saccral artery as well as a lateral saccral artery; superior and inferior gluteal arteries
S1 nerve
between superior and inferior gluteal arteries
internal female genital organs
ovaries, the uterine (fallopian) tubes, the uterus, and the vagina
external genital organs
the labia major and minor, the clitoris, vestibule of the vagina and the vestibular glands
broad ligament of the uterus
sheath of the peritoneum lifted by the uterus and the fallopian tubes
folds of broad ligament
mesosalpinx and mesovarium
extension of the broad liagment
vesticouterine and rectouterine(Douglas) pouches; forward and backward; over the urinary bladder and rectum anterior and posterior to the uterus
Open
peritoneal cavity in female is considered
ovaries
almond shaped structures of 2.5-5cm long; covered by mesovarium and attached to uterus by ligament of the ovary
ovarian ligament
arises from the posterior surface of the lateral angle of the uterus
suspensory ligament
ovary attached to the lateral abdominal wall by; contains the ovarian artery and vein
fallopian tubes
run from the tubal angle of the uterus to the surface of the ovary(on abdominal end); intraperitoneal and mobile; fixed by the mesosalpinx
uterus
anchored between urinary bladder and the rectum by muscular connective tissue retinaculum in the sub peritoneal connective tissue
450
number of eggs released during life time
myosis
stops at 5th fetal month, production of primary oval sac, continues in puberty
round ligament
goest into deep inguinal ring and inserts of subcutaneous tissue of labia major
retroversion of the uterus
can be cause of miscarriage or not get pregnant at all or pain during intercourse
uterus structure
pear-shaped, divided into body neck and funds; composed of smooth muscle layer called myometrium, mucosa (endometrium) is simple high columnar epithelium
fundus
part of uterus which rises above the tubal angle
neck
called cervix; 2 parts: supravaginal and vaginal part called portio
portio
1cm protruded into the vagina; vaginal epithelium: stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
isthmus of uterus
internal Os of cervis, cervical canal, external Os
habitual abortion
internal Os is incompetent; before 3rd month, tie cervix, loss of gesticulation sac
uterine muscle
undergoes hyperlasia and hypertrophy during pregnancy and then regresses
blood supply of uterus
uterine artery and ovarian artery, some from vaginal a.
innervation of uterus
sympathetic and parasympathetic (pelvic splanchnic nerves, S2,3,4)
pap smear
to evaluate the cervial pathology; count various cell types PBC, SSC, ISC
Leiomyomas (fibroids)
most common overall tumors in women, more in blacks than whites, estrogen sensate smooth muscle tumors that in pregnancy may enlarge and cause obstructive delivery
histersympengogoraphy
contrast medium into uterine tube
dynamic support
given by the pelvic diaphragm and other muscular supports
passive (mechanical support)
uterus is normally ante-flexed and bend forward over the urinary bladder (90o); prevents it from being pushed out of the genial opening
dysparunia
pain during intercourse
cervis of uterus
least mobile part; supported by the endopelvic fascia or retinacula which also contains smooth m.
transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament
extended from cervix to the lateral pelvic walls
sacrocervical ligament
posteriorly support
pubocervical ligament
anteriorly support
endometrium
lies directly on muscle, simply high columnar epithelia, contain uterine glands; basal layer of 1mm high not shed during menstration can be distinguished from a functional layer stratum compactum and st. spongiosum
menstrual cycle
commonly 28 days, counting starts from the first day of bleeding, divided into phases
phase of desquamation and regeneration
1st to 4th day, disappearance of progesterone and increase in estrogens, superficial portion of endometrium is shed and eventually the epithelium and the connective tissue of the function layer regenerate from the basal layer and the wound is closes
phase of proliferation
5th to 15th day, ovulation period, mainly controlled by estrogen, function layer grows, glands get bigger, spiral arteries form, body temperature rises
ovulation
usually takes place 13014 days before the first day of the new menstrual period
phase of secretion
15th-28th day, controlled by progesterone, mucous secretion and increase in blood vessels, at the end of this phase, progesterone decrease and arteries contract due to drying, ischemia follows and tissue damage and bleeding starts again
fallopian tubes
8-20cm long, lie intraperitoneally in the mesoalpinx of the broad ligament; 4 parts
infundibulum
open and has finer like structures; the fimbria
ampulla
dilated part of the tube (5-6cm) which has longitudinal grooves to guide the ovum, site of fertilization but not implantation
uterine part
opens into the lumen of uterus
mucosa
has branching folds and is simply high columnar ciliated epithelium with glandular cells, some fluid is produced here and cilia produce a current towards uterus
ovum
released from the follicle reaches the funnel via fimbria within 3-6 minutes
ectopic pregancy
if implantation occurs at places other than the anterior or posterior walls of the cavity of the uterus; severe pain, surgical evacuation is an emergency operation
salpingitis
inflamation and infection of the fallopian tubes, may lead to loss of the epithelium and may interfere with fertilization which may lead to sterility
uterine artery
crosses ureter and in male by vas(ductus) defrens
urinary bladder
lies in lesser pelvis, beneath peritoium
median umbilical ligament
remnant of urachus, ascends from vertex
bladder
can hold per 700ml of urin voluntarily, gower 350ml of urine urges us to urinate unless we don't do it voluntarily, has transitional type epithelium
trigone
triangle structure at base and has two openings for ureters
benign prostatic hyperplasia (PBH)
slight enlargement of prostate gland in males
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