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ACSM Exercise Physiologist Exam Review

Terms in this set (94)

What are the health-related physical fitness components?
1. cardiorespiratory endurance
2. Body composition
3. Muscular strength
4. Muscular endurance
5. Flexibility
What are the skill-related physical fitness components?
1. Agility
2. Coordination
3. Balance
4. Power
5. Speed
6. Reaction Time
How many METs is light activity?
<3 METs
How many METs is moderate activity?
3-<6 METs
How many METs is vigorous activity?
> or equal to 6 METs
What is the ACSM-AHA Primary Physical Activity Recommendation?
1. All healthy adults aged 18-65 yrs should participate in moderate intensity exercise for a minimum of 30 min. on 5 days of the week or vigorous intensity for 20 min. on 3 days of the week.
2. Every adult should perform activities that maintain or increase muscular strength and endurance for a minimum of 2 days per week
What percent of Americans meet the ACSM exercise guidelines?
46%
What are the primary physical activity recommendations from the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines Committee Report?
1. All Americans should participate in an amount of energy expenditure equivalent to 150 min/week of moderate or 75 min/week of vigorous
2. Additional health benefits are obtained with 300 min/week of moderate or 150 min/week of vigorous
Individuals at an increased risk for CVD
1. Men > or equal to 45
2. Women > or equal to 55
3. Those with 2 or more major CVD risk factors
4. Individuals with signs and symptoms of CVD
5. Those with known cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic disease
What are the major signs and symptoms of suggestive of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and metabolic disease?
1. Pain; discomfort in the chest, neck, jaw, arms, or other areas that may result from ischemia
2. Shortness of breathe at rest or with mild exertion
3. Dizziness or syncope
4. Orthopnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
5. Ankle edema
6. Palpitations or tachycardia
7. Intermittent Claudication
8. Known heart murmur
9. Unusual fatigue or shortness of breath with usual activities
Know the pre-activity screening procedures and tools used to provide accurate information about the patient's medical history, current medical conditions, risk factors, sign/symptoms, current PA habits, and medication
1. PAR-Q
2. AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Participation Screening Questionnaire
3. CVD risk factor assessment
4. Medical evaluation/stress test
Be familiar with the key components included in an informed consent and health/medical history
1. Medical diagnosis
2. Previous physical examination findings
3. History of symptoms
4. Recent illness, hospitalization, new medical diagnosis, or surgical procedures
5. Orthopedic problems
6. Medication use
7. Habits (caffeine, alcohol, smoking, etc.)
8. Exercise history
9. Work history (current expected physical demands)
10. Family history of cardiac, pulmonary, or metabolic disease, stroke, or sudden death
What are the Atherosclerotic CVD Risk Factors?
1. Age
2. Family History
3. Cigarette Smoking
4. Obesity
5. Hypertension
6. Dyslipidemia
7. Prediabetes
8. Sedentary Lifestyle
Risk factors for age
Men: > or equal to 45
Women: > or equal to 55
Risk factors for family history
Myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, or sudden death before 55 y in father or other male first degree relative or before 65 in women
Risk factors for cigarette smoking
Current cigarette smoker or those who quit within the previous 6 mo or exposure to environmental tobacco smoke
Risk factors for sedentary lifestyle
Not participating in at least 30 min of moderate intensity, physical activity on at least 3 d of the week for at least 3 mo
Risk factors associated with obesity
1. BMI > or equal to 30
2. Waist girth: >102 cm or 40 in in men and >88 cm or 35 in in women
Risk factors for hypertension
Systolic BP > or equal to 140 and/or diastolic > or equal to 90 confirmed by measurements on at least 2 separate occasions or on anti hypertensive medication
Risk factors for dyslipidemia
1. LDL > or equal to 130
or
2. HDL < 40
or
3. On lipid lowering medication
4. If total serum cholesterol is only available use > or equal to 200
Risk factors for prediabetes
1. IFG > or equal to 100 and < or equal to 125
2. IGT with 2 hour OGTT > or equal to 140 and < or equal to 199
What is the only negative risk factor?
HDL > or equal to 60
What is considered low risk
Less than 2 asymptomatic risk factors
What is considered moderate risk?
> or equal to 2 asymptomatic risk factors
What is considered high risk?
Symptomatic, or known cardiovascular pulmonary, renal, or metabolic diseases
Be familiar with the cardiovascular risk factors or conditions that may require consultation with medical personnel prior to exercise testing or training
1. inappropriate changes in resting HR and/or blood pressure
2. New onset discomfort in chest, neck, shoulder, or arm
3. Changes in pattern of discomfort during rest or exercise
4. Fainting
5. Dizzy spells
6. Claudication
Normal BP
<120/80
Prehypertension
120-139/80-89
Stage I Hypertension
140-159/90-99
Stage II Hypertension
> or equal to 160/100
Optimal LDL
<100
Near/above optimal LDL
100-129
Borderline high LDL
130-159
High LDL
160-189
Very high LDL
> or equal to 190
Desirable total cholesterol
<200
Borderline high total cholesterol
200-239
High total cholesterol
> or equal to 240
Low HDL
< 40
High HDL
> or equal to 60
Normal triglycerides
<150
Borderline high triglycerides
150-199
High triglycerides
200-499
Very high triglycerides
> or equal to 500
NCEP/ATP III Metabolic syndrome criteria: Body weight
Waist circumference
1. Men: >102 cm (>40 in)
2. Women: >88 cm (>35 in)
NCEP/ATP III Metabolic syndrome criteria: Insulin resistance / glucose
> or equal to 110 mg/dL
NCEP/ATP III Metabolic syndrome criteria: Dyslipidemia
HDL
1. Men: < 40 mg/dL
2. Women: < 50 mg/dL
Triglycerides: > or equal to 150 mg/dL
NCEP/ATP III Metabolic syndrome criteria: Elevated blood pressure
> or equal to 130/85
Be familiar with the pulmonary risk factors or conditions that may require consultation with medical personnel prior to exercise testing or training
1. Asthma
2. Exercise-induced asthma/bronchospams
3. Extreme breathlessness at rest or during exercise
4. Chronic bronchitis
5. Emphysema
Be familiar with the metabolic risk factors or conditions that may require consultation with medical personnel prior to exercise
1. Obesity
2. Metabolic syndrome
3. Diabetes or glucose intolerance
4. Hypoglycemia
Be familiar with the musculoskeletal risk factors or conditions that may require consultation with a medical personnel prior to exercise
1. Acute or chronic pain
2. Osteoarthritis
3. Rheumatoid arthritis
4. Osteoporosis
5. Inflammation/pain
6. Low back pain
Be familiar with the absolute contraindications for exercise testing
1. a recent significant change in the resting EKG suggesting significant ischemia, recent MI (within 2 days), or other acute cardiac event
2. unstable angina
3. uncontrolled cardiac dysrhytmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise
4. symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
5. uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure
6. acute pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction
7. acute myocarditis or pericarditis
8. suspected or known dissecting aneurysm
9. acute systemic infection, accompanied by fever, body aches, or swollen lymph glands
Be familiar with the relative contraindications for exercise testing
1. left main coronary stenosis
2. moderate stenotic valvular heart disease
3. electrolyte abnormalities
4. severe atrial hypertension (>200/110)
5. Tachydysrhythmia or bradydysrhythmias
6. Hypertrophic cardiomyothapy and other forms of outflow tract obstruction
7. neuromotor, musculoskeletal, or rheumatoid disorders
8. high-degree atrioventricular block
9. ventricular aneurysm
10. unctrolled metabolic disease
11. chronic infectious disease
12. mental or physical impairment
Know the 7-site skinfold sites
1. chest
2. mid-axillary
3. trcips
4. subscapular
5. abdomen
6. suprailliac
7. thigh
know the two types of 3-site skinfold sites for men
1. chest, abdomen, thigh
2. chest, triceps, subscapular
know the twp types of 3-site skinfold sites for women
1. triceps, suprailliac, thigh
2. tricpes, suprailliac, abdominal
Know the general indications for stopping an exercise test
1. onset of angina
2. drop in SBP of < or equal to 10mm with an increase in work rate
3. excessive rise in BP: SBP >250 DBP >115
4. shortness of breath, wheezing, leg cramps, claudication
5. signs of poor perfusion
6. failure of HR to increase
7. noticeable change in heart ryhthm
8. subject asks to stop
9. physical or verbal manifestation of fatigue
10. failure of testing equipment
Aerobic exercise guidelines for pregnant women
3-4 days per week
moderate intensity
> or equal to 15 minutes per day with a total of 120 per week
dynamic, rhythmic exercises that target major muscle groups
no supine exercises after wk 16
Aerobic exercise guidelines for children and adolescents
Daily activity
moderate-to-vigorous
> or equal to 60 min per day
Muscle strengthening guidelines for children and adolescents
> or equal to 3 days per week
as part of their 60 minutes
structured or unstructured
Aerobic exercise guidelines for older adults
> or equal to 5 days per week of moderate OR
> or equal to 3 days of vigorous
30-60 minutes of moderate OR
2-30 minutes of vigorous
Muscle strengthening guidelines for older adults
> or equal to 2 days per week
start with light intenisty and work towards moderate
Flexibility guidelines for older adults
> or equal to 2 days per week
Stretch to the point of tightness or slight discomfort
Hold stretch for 30-60 seconds
Know the fluid replacement guidleines for hot environments
Before exercise: 5-7mL at least 4 hours before exercise
During exercise: 20-30 mEq of sodium; 2-5 mEq of potassium; 5%-10% of carbohydrate
After exercise: 1.5 L/kg of body weight lost
____ is the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the ventricular contraction phase
Systolic blood pressure
Which of the following movements occur in the frontal plane of motion?
Hip joint abduction
During graded exercise, which of the following occurs due to large muscle vasodilation?
Total peripheral resistance may drop slightly
When looking at postural alignment from a lateral view, the vertical plumb line should be: ________.
Slightly anterior to the lateral malleolus.
When oxygen is not available in the mitochondria of the cell, _______ is converted to __________.
Pyruvate, lactic acid
Which movement occurs in the frontal plane?
Elevation of the scapulae
The _________ is responsible for collecting blood from the lungs and pumping it to the body
left atrium and left ventricle
How many ATP molecules are produced when glycogen is broken down into pyruvate
3
How long must a client have stopped smoking for it to no longer be considered a risk factor?
>6 months
Relative VO2
mL/kg-1/min-1
Absolute VO2
mL/min-1
S (speed)
m/min-1
M (body mass)
Kg
F (stepping frequency)
min-1
H (height)
meters
cm to m
divide by 1000
inches to meters
x 0.0254
inches to cm
x 2.54
kg/m/min-1 to watts
divide by 6
mph to m/min-1
x 26.8
lbs to kgs
divide by 2.2
rpm to m/min on monark arm
x 2.4
rpm to m/min on monark leg
x 6
rpm to m/min on Tunturi or bodyguard cycle
x 3
METs to Relative VO2
x 3.5
Relative VO2 to Absolute VO2
x bodyweight (kg)
Absolute VO2 (mL/min) to Absolute VO2 (L/min)
divide by 1000
Absolute VO2 (L/min) to kcal/min
x 5
kcal/minute to total kcals
x total number of minutes
total kcal to lbs of fat
divide by 3500
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