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3245 Final

Terms in this set (51)

Henry Kissinger
Secretary of State under Nixon and Ford.
Pioneered the policy of détente with Soviet Union.
Negotiated Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in Vietnam War.
(Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty) SALT
Agreement between U.S and Soviet Union to limit nuclear weapon capacity. (1972)
Philadelphia Plan
Required federal contractors to to hire African American employees by specific dates.
Combat institutionalized discrimination. Influenced by trade unions.
Quickly extended to other cities. (1969)
Affirmative action
Combated racial discrimination in the hiring process.
Later extended to include sex.
Signed by President John F. Kennedy. (1967)
Rachel Carson's Silent Spring
Documented effects on the environment.
Birds affected by the use of pesticides.
Sparked environmental movement.
Influenced creation of EPA. (1962)
Environmental Protection Agency
Proposed by President Richard Nixon.
Maintaining and enforcing national standards.
Established by the National Environmental Policy Act. (1970)
Earth Day
April 22. (1970)
Demonstrate support for environmental protection.
John McConnell proposed and organized by Dennis Hayes.
Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein
Original news reporting on the Watergate scandal. (Washington Post)
Led to government investigation and eventual resignation of Nixon.
"maybe the single greatest reporting effort of all time" by Gene Roberts. (1972)
(Committee to Re-elect the President) CREEP
Fundraising organization of Nixon's administration.
Employed money laundering and slush funds. Directly and actively involved in Watergate scandal. (1972)
Silent majority
Unspecified large group of people who do not express their opinions publicly.
Nixon referred to Americans who did not join in against the Vietnam War. (1969)
All in the Family
TV sitcom.
Broke ground in its depiction of issues previously considered unsuitable for U.S. network television comedy.
Racism, homosexuality, women's liberation, rape, religion, miscarriage, abortion, breast cancer, the Vietnam War. (1971)
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
Supreme Court Case. (1971)
Busing appropriate remedy to the problem of racial imbalance in schools based on geographic proximity to the school rather than assignment based on race.
Ensured equal educational opportunities regardless of their race.
Restore Our Alienated Rights
Anti-desegregation busing organization formed in Boston, Massachusetts by Louise Day Hicks. Symbol of mass racism. (1974)
Stagflation
1973 oil crisis, OPEC constrained the worldwide supply of oil.
Lack of raw materials caused prices to spiral.
High unemployment and high inflation.
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Created to stabilize oil markets.
1973 Oil embargo. Arab majority stopped supplying U.S.
Caused increase in prices and sense of panic.
Love Canal
Niagara Falls, New York.
Superfund disaster that greatly affected the health of hundreds of its residents.
22,000 barrels of toxic waste over the years. Numerous families contaminated with chemicals and toxic waste, resulting in severe health issues.
Three Mile Island
Nuclear power plant in Pennsylvania.
Site of worst U.S nuclear accident. (1979)
Nuclear meltdown that released coolant that resulted in dangerous gases into the air.
Elevated anti-nuclear groups and created a reserved nuclear policy.
Paul Volcker
Chairman of the Federal Reserve under Presidents Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan.
Credited with ending the high levels of inflation United States during the 1970s and early 1980s.
Reagan Democrats
Democratic voter in the United States, referring especially to white working-class Northerners or Midwesterners who defected from their party to support Republican President Ronald Reagan.
Religious Right
Jerry Falwell urged conservative Christians to involve themselves in the political process.
Sparked a movement that allowed Republicans to dominate the presidency in 1980's
Jerry Falwell
Baptist Pastor instigating the religious right.
Created the moral majority.
Co-founder of moral majority (1979).
Moral Majority
Founded by Jerry Falwell (1979).
Christian Right association with Republican Party.
Influenced Republican votes and 1980's presidential dominance.
Dissolved in late 1980's.
supply-side economics
Coined by Herbert Stein, economic adviser to President Nixon, in 1976.
Response to 1970's stagflation.
Supply is the key to economic prosperity and that demand is a secondary consequence.
James Watt
U.S. Secretary of the Interior from 1981 to 1983. anti-environmentalist.
Ronald Reagan's most controversial cabinet appointment.
Watt's pro-development views played an instrumental role in ending the Sagebrush Rebellion.
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)
Missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by nuclear weapons.
Reagan, 1983, fear of disrupting Mutually assured destruction compromise.
"evil empire" speech
Applied to the Soviet Union in 1983 by Reagan. Favored exceeding Soviet Union's strategic and global military capabilities.
Reagan Doctrine
Designed to diminish Soviet influence communist backed nations as part of the Reagan administration's overall Cold War strategy.
Sandinistas
Nicaragua. The political group that sided with communist ideals and were involved and fought for power against the U.S backed Contras. (1981)
Contras
U.S backed rebels that fought to gain power to avoid communist ideals held by the Sandinista.
Oliver North
Key member in the Iran Contra scandal. Helped revise terms to selling arms while also funding the Contra rebellion.
Iran-Contra Scandal
Effort to get hostages back from Iran. Contras were allocated a certain amount of money from the arms deal revised by North during the Reagan administration.
Mikhail Gorbachev
President of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War through policies of perestroika and glasnost.
Perestroika
A political movement for reformation within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union during the 1980s.
"restructuring", referring to the restructuring of the Soviet political and economic system.
Glasnost
Reforms of the judicial system, ensuring that the press and the public could attend court hearings and that the sentence was also read out in public.
Increased government transparency.
Reykjavik Summit
Summit meeting between U.S. President Ronald Reagan and General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union Mikhail Gorbachev. Iceland 1986.
INF Treaty
1987 agreement between the United States and the Soviet Union.
eliminated nuclear and conventional ground-launched ballistic and cruise missiles with intermediate ranges.
Reagan and Gorbachev.
Tiananmen Square
Beijing, China.1989, a pro-democracy movement which ended on 4 June 1989 with the declaration of martial law in Beijing by the government and the shooting of several hundred, or possibly thousands, of civilians by soldiers.
Willie Horton ad
Weekend Passes", using the Horton case to attack Dukakis. The ad was produced by media consultant Larry McCarthy, who had previously worked for Roger Ailes. It has been suggested that the Willie Horton ad cost Michael Dukakis the election.
Saddam Hussein
President of Iraq 1979 until 2003. Accused him of possessing weapons of mass destruction and having ties to al-Qaeda
H. Ross Perot
Independent presidential candidate in 1992 and the Reform party presidential candidate in 1996.
"don't ask, don't tell"
official United States policy on service by gays, bisexuals, and lesbians in the military instituted by the Clinton Administration on February 28, 1994.
Hillary Clinton
Her marriage endured the Lewinsky scandal of 1998, and overall her role as first lady drew a polarized response from the public.
Newt Gingrich
Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1995 to 1999. In 2012, Gingrich was a candidate for the Republican Party presidential nomination. "Contract with America", Gingrich was a major leader in the Republican victory in the 1994 congressional election. In 1995, Time named him "Man of the Year" for "his role in ending the four-decades-long Democratic majority in the House".
Contract with America
document released by the United States Republican Party during the 1994 Congressional election campaign. Written by Newt Gingrich and Dick Armey, and in part using text from former President Ronald Reagan's 1985 State of the Union Address, the Contract detailed the actions the Republicans promised to take if they became the majority party in the United States House of Representatives for the first time in 40 years.
Kenneth Starr
American lawyer and educational administrator, who has also been a federal judge. He carried out a controversial investigation of Lewinski scandal during the Clinton administration.
Monica Lewinsky
former White House intern with whom President Bill Clinton admitted to having had what he called an "inappropriate relationship" while she worked at the White House in 1995 and 1996. The affair and its repercussions, which included Clinton's impeachment, became known as the Lewinsky scandal.
Bush v. Gore
United States Supreme Court decision that resolved the dispute surrounding the 2000 presidential election. Three days earlier, the Court had preliminarily halted the Florida recount that was occurring.
Osama bin Laden
founder of al-Qaeda, the organization that claimed responsibility for the September 11 attacks on the United States, along with numerous other mass-casualty attacks against civilian and military targets.
Al Qaeda
Founded by Bin Laden. 2001 to 2011, bin Laden was a major target of the War on Terror, as the FBI placed a $25 million bounty on him in their search for him. 2011, bin Laden was shot and killed
Abu Ghraib
Western intelligence agencies perennially claimed to be a biological weapons production facility. The plant was built in 1980 and painted with a dappled camouflage pattern during the Iran-Iraq War.
Bush Doctrine
Bush Doctrine refers to various related foreign policy principles of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush. United States had the right to secure itself against countries that harbor or give aid to terrorist groups, which was used to justify the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan.
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