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Animals 2

Terms in this set (43)

Chordates
Have notochord
Pharyngeal gill slits sometime during development
Backbone for support
Bilateral symmetry
Endoskeleton
Distinct head w/ cranium
Invertebrate Chordates
Tunicates-sessile marine filter feeders, only the larva has a notochord
Lancelets-small blade like animal that live in the sand under the ocean
Fish
Almost every aquatic enviornment
Breath with gills
Kidneys to remove nitrogenous waste
Fresh water fish-hypertonic
Marine fish- hypotonic
Complex brain
Hypertonic
Lose ions. Gain water
Hypotonic
Gain ions. Lose water
Notochord
Longitudinal, flexible rod located between the digestive tube and the nerve chord
Ichthyologist
Person who studies fish
3 major fish groups
Jawless
Cartilaginous
Bony
Jawless fish
Hagfish and lampreys
Hagfish
6 hearts, open circulatory system
Escape predators with slime and flexibility
Lampreys
Filter feeders in sand
Class Chondrichthyes
Sharks, skates, rays, ratfish
Skeletons made of cartilage
Body covering is a plate like scale
Most in salt water
Lack swim bladders
Cover is scales
Internal fertilization
Most carnivores
Ectothermic
Lateral lines
Sharks and other fish have lateral lines
Can sense electrical current in other animals
Class Osteichthyes
Bony endoskeleton
Ectothermic
Swim bladder to control depth
30,000 known species
Exellent chemical receptors
Ray finned bony fish
Bony fish. Bass, flounder
Lobe finned bony fish
Lungfish, mudskipper
Large bladder to fill with air
Fleshy fins
Most are extinct
Ancestors to amphibians
Fish reproduction
Oviparous
Ovoviviparous
Viviparous
Oviparous
Lay eggs before or right after fertilization
Ovoviviparous
Develop inside mother from yolk
Viviparous
Develop inside mother with her nourishment
Class Amphibia
Name means double life
-reproduce by laying eggs in water
-larva live in water with gills
-adults live on land
Must live near water to maintain moist skin
No scales
Gas exchange is through both skin and gills/lungs
3 chambered heart
Ectothermic
Order Urodela
Newts and salamanders
Some adults keep gills after producing lungs
Order Anura
Frogs and toads
Toads better at surviving away from surface water
Class Reptilia
Scaly skin
Lay leather eggs that hatch on land
Ectothermic
Reptile feeding
Some use venom
Some are herbivores
Most cannot chew
Some use jaws or body to suffocate prey
Reptile respiration
First with Alveoli that are small sacs in the lung that increase surface area
Will developed lungs with diaphragm
Order Squamata
Lizards and snakes
Some have Jacobson's organ (sense on roof of mouth)
Order Crocodilia
Alligators and crocodile
4 chambered heart with 2 loops
Order Chelonia
Turtles and tortoises
Tortoises are terrestrial
Turtles are aquatic
Herpetologist
Person who studies reptiles and amphibians
Class Aves
Birds are covered with feathers
Preening-take care of feathers
Birds molt feathers
All birds have wings
Lightweight bones
Large sternum
Beak- no teeth
Birds lay hard shelled eggs
Endothermic
4 chambered heart
Massive metabolism
Lungs and 9 air sacs
Many travel thousands of miles
Close relations to Dino's
Archaeopteryx was first bird 150MYA
Order Falconiformes
Raptors
Sharp beak and talons
Order Sphenisciforms
Penguins
Flightless marine
Wings are modified for swimming
Ornithologist
Person who studies birds
Class Mammalia
Endothermic
All have hair
Mother feed young milk
Specialized teeth
First were nocturnal small and rat like
Order Monotrememata
Primitive mammals
Egg laying
Platypus
Echidna
Order Marsupials
Opossum and kangaroo
Give birth to live young but short time in mother
Placental mammals
Children develop inside the mother for long period of time
Most mammals
Order Rodentia
Squirrels mice rats
Order Carnivora
Dogs cats bears
Order Cetacea
Whales and dolphins
Order Primate
Apes monkeys humans
Excellent 3-D vision
Prehensile appendix
Large cerebrum
Complex visual input and social behavior
Humans
K: Animalia
P: Chordata
C: Mammalia
O: Primates
F: Hominidae
G: Homo
S: Homo sapiens
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