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Civil War

Terms in this set (183)

What land was ceded from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming.
What did Indiana's state constitution prohibit?
Black people voting, making contracts with whites, testifying in trials involving whites, and entering the state.
What boosted levels of grain production in the mid-west?
The steel plow and the mechanical reaper
The high price of cotton moved slaves into the field and away from skilled work like...
Blacksmithing, carpentry
Approximately 50% of the white southern population were what?
Yeoman Farmers
No matter socioeconomic status, most white southerners shared the belief of what?
Any attempts to restrict the spread of slavery was a constitutional violation.
What discouraged immigrants from moving to the rural south?
Racism and slavery, as well as less freedom in general discouraged immigrants from moving to the rural south.
The belief that workers should reap what the sow and were opposed to slavery and indentured servitude
The Free Labor Ideology
New Englanders began to migrate in the 1850s to where?
Ohio
What immigrant group posed the biggest challenge to the free back labor force?
The Irish
What year did New Jersey officially emancipate its last slave?
1846
Some white factory workers began to accuse factory owners of paying so little that that they had to endure what?
Wage Slavery
The economics and production of the United States in the antebellum era began to do what?
It began to shift to industrial rather than agricultural.
What justification could European-American use to justify barring minority groups from employment and citizenship?
They're not real people. They are property.
In California, minority groups were excluded from citizenship based on what criteria, according to a judge?
They were "not of white blood"
Many Chinese immigrants labored in what industry?
Looking for gold in gold mines
Which transcendental author was the most outspoken on the issue of slavery due to his belief in universal dignity?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
While ideals of individualism began to grow in the north, what group relied on a collective sense of group identity?
The Sioux Indians
Northern blacks were able to promote their identity through what medium?
Literature
Who was the famous Haitian Revolutionary?
Toussaint L'Ouverture
What was the first women's rights conference?
Seneca Falls
What document was produced at the first women's rights convention?
Declaration of Sentiments
In what speech did Fredrick Douglass question the principles of the Declaration of Independence?
"What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?"
What provision in the constitution ended up giving disproportionate power to the slave states through representation?
Three Fifths Compromise
The rise of what political party led the south to believe that slavery was going to be under attack?
Republican
What political party's platform promoted a "no-slavery-in-the-territories" policy?
Free Soil Party
What was the idea that citizens of a state could decide for themselves the question of slavery within their borders?
Popular Sovereignty
Who is considered the father of popular sovereignty?
Lewis Cass
Who was the Whig elected in the election of 1848 but died in 1850?
Zachary Taylor
Who replaced Zachary Taylor as president when he died in 1850?
Millard Fillmore
What was the main issue of the Compromise of 1850?
The North was strongly against the expansion of slavery.
What did away with the idea that the North was a free territory?
The Fugitive Slave Act.
What was required under the Fugitive Slave Act?
Citizens had to assist in capturing runaway slaves.
Who did democrats choose as their nominee in 1852?
Franklin Pierce
What made Franklin Pierce unusual as a candidate from New Hampshire?
He was a southern sympathizer.
Who did the Whigs pick to run in the election of 1852?
Winfield Scott.
How did Winfield Scott gain national fame?
The Mexican War.
What were the 5 elements that made up the Compromise of 1850?
a) Harsher fugitive slave law
b) Banning of slave trade in washington DC
c) California would be a free state
d) The Utah and New Mexico territories would be decided by popular sovereignty
e) Land in dispute between Texas and New Mexico would go to the territories, in return for the federal government assuming Texas's public debt
In which treaty did both the United States and Great Britain agree to not build a canal through Central America without the other's approval/knowledge?
Clayton-Bulwer
Northerners argues that what agreement with Spain over Cuba may extend American slavery into the Caribbean?
The Ostend Manifesto
With which country did Commodore Matthew Perry open up trade relations with in 1854?
Japan
What land purchase was the last in the continental United States and formed the southern border of Arizona and New Mexico?
Gadsden Purchase
What was the intent of the land in the Gadsden Purchase?
A southern transcontinental railroad
Who suggested that the territory of Kansa should be split into 2 states?
Stephen A. Douglas and President Franklin Pierce
What would have to be repealed for Popular Sovereignty to occur in Kansas and Nebraska?
The Missouri Compromise
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act affect Native Americans?
Natives were pressured to join both sides, pro and anti slavery, and this helped rile up bleeding Kansas further
What was the core idea of the new Republican party?
Opposition of the Kansas-Nebraska Act
True or False: 1850s Republicans were united in the belief that slaves should be both free and equal.
True
What was the main platform ideal of the Democrats in the 1856 election?
Idk
Who was the democrat nominee for President in 1856?
James Buchanan
Who was the first nominee for President under the Republican Party platform?
John C. Frémont
Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who believed that slaves were better off than factory workers?
idk
Where did a regional Civil War break out?
Kansas
In what place did John Brown and his son commit a massacre?
Pottawatomie creek in Franklin County
What attempted to nullify popular sovereignty in Kansas?
The Free Soil Party
Through his support of the Lecompton Constitution, what president alienated the northern members of his own party?
President Buchanan
What was the name of the incident where a South Carolina Congressman beat a Northern Congressman with a cane?
Caning of Charles Sumner
What Supreme Court decision declared the Compromise of 1820 unconstitutional?
Dred Scott Decision
How many public debates occurred between Lincoln and Douglass for the Illinois senate seat?
7
What was Lincoln's platform on slavery during the Lincoln Douglass debates?
idk
Who lead the attack on Harper's Ferry?
John Brown
What was Harriet Tubman's nickname?
Moses
Whom did John Brown rely on for information and advice leading up to Harper's Ferry?
Harriet Tubman
Who captured John Brown?
Robert E. Lee
What presidential democratic candidate could South Carolina not rally around and instead chose another democrat?
Stephen Douglas
What percent of men voted for Lincoln in the election of 1860?
39.8% (40%)
Instead of "we the people", the Confederate States of America focused on the power of what?
"Sovereign and independent states"
Who was elected as the President of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
What was the name of the series of amendments that were proposed to restrict the government's ability to curtail slavery?
The Crittenden Compromise
Where did Lincoln send supplies on April 12, 1861?
Fort Sumter
How long did Lincoln believe the war would last?
idk ch 14
What did the north have to do to win the war?
Inspire large numbers to fight, produce massive amounts of ammunition/food/cannon, devise military strategies, seal off the Confederate supply lines, attract sympathizers from the south.
What percent of the manufacturing did the North posses in 1860?
90%
What was the first land battle of the Civil War?
Battle of Bull Run
What happened with the Confederates could not get enough volunteers to fight?
All men between the ages of 18-35 (later 45) were called for three years of service
How much did it cost to purchase a substitute for the draft in the south?
$300
To which group in Oklahoma did the confederacy look for support and troops?
The Cherokees
What percent of Northern soldiers were immigrants?
Roughly 30%
What did President Lincoln suspend fearing disloyalty?
The writ of habeas corpus
What did women serve as during the civil war?
Battlefield nurses
What granted 160 acres of land to western settlers?
idk ch 14
What created land grant colleges like Kansas State and Utah State?
Morill Act
After the battle at Port Royal, what were Union soldiers allowed to treat blacks as?
idk ch 14
General Butler allowed women to be considered a prostitute if they were found doing what?
insulting or showing contempt for any officer or soldier of the United States
What was more deadly than bullets?
Poor medical practices, spread of germs and development of infections
What was the name of the confederate prison camp?
Camp Sumter
What was the bloodiest single day of the Civil War?
Antietam
What helped to cause a high casualty rate?
Disease and infection from wounds and exposure
What proclaimed all slaves in the Confederate territory free?
The emancipation proclamation
Where did slavery remain intact?
Border States
To which side did the Mexican government remain allied?
The Union
Who wrote of her slaves, "are they stolidly stupid or wiser than we are, silent and strong, biding their time?
Mary Chestnut
What spurred the enlistment of black soldiers in the north?
Their want to achieve freedom and fight against their southern oppressors
About how many black soldiers fought in the American Civil War?
33,000
Most black soldiers were relegated to what kind of work?
Fatigue Work
In what battle was Stonewall Jackson shot by his own men?
Chancellorville
How long did it take Major General George Pickett to loose ⅔ of his soldiers at Gettysburg?
1/2 an hour
How long did Gettysburg last?
3 days
What was Clement Vallandigham convicted of?
Treason
What was the ethnic background of many of the people who were part of the draft riots?
Irish-Catholic
What speech helped to elevate the war to a great moral struggle against slavery?
Gettysburg Address
In what place did Col. John Chivington massacre between 125-160 defenseless Cheyenne Indians?
Sand Creek, Colorado Territory
Who was Lincoln's running mate in the election of 1864?
Andrew Johnson
Who was the democratic nominee in the election of 1864?
George McClellan
Because of his care for the average soldiers, Union troops dubbed Lincoln by what name?
Father Abraham
Who believed that an attack on the Georgia coastline would have a tremendous advantage?
General William Tecumseh Sherman
What did Sherman and his men do with railroad ties?
Set them on fire and use them to destroy train tracks
What did Edwin Stanton say of Lincoln's death?
"Now he belongs to the ages"
What is the idea that America should overspread the entire continent?
Manifest Destiny
What battle in the Texas War for Independence became the rallying cry for the Texans?
Remember the Alamo
Why was Texas not immediately made a part of the Union after gaining its independence?
It was a slave state, and the balance of slave states to free states would be disrupted if Texas was admitted
This was a conflict between lumbermen on the Maine - Canada border:
Aroostook War
What treaty ended the Aroostook War?
Weber-Ashburton Treaty
What was 54 40 or fight talking about?
Many Americans wanted the border between Canada and Oregon territory at 54 40 parallel
A lesser known candidate is known as a:
A Dark Horse
Where was the Oregon - Canadian border finally drawn?
49'
How did the Mexican - American War start?
The US annexed Texas
What treaty ended the Mexican - American War?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
What lands did the US gain from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
The US took possession of the former Mexican provinces of California and New Mexico
This proposed to make slavery illegal in any new territories acquired from Mexico
The Wilmot Proviso
This was America's failed attempt to buy Cuba from Spain.
Ostend Manifesto
What did the Clayton Bulwer Treaty deal with?
Negotiations about the Nicaragua Canal
What group of fur traders met yearly with American Indians to trade animal skins?
Mountain Men
What immigrants were prominent in the california mining industry?
Chinese Immigrants
Who invented the electric telegraph?
Samuel Morse
What was the largest industry in the 1840's and 50's?
Textiles
List 2 effects of the railroads
a) American Economy was boosted
b) Settlement of the west increased
Commodore Matthew C Perry was sent to expand trade with what country?
Japan
This led many Southerners to believe their plantation system was superior to the North in the 1850's.
They were providing slaves with education and converting them to Christianity.
What 2 countries were involved in the Kanagawa Treaty?
U.S. and Japan
What invention moved clothing production out of homes and into factories?
Power Loom
What period was the peak of Manifest Destiny?
The period between the war of 1812 and the start of the civil war is widely considered the peak of manifest destiny. (1812-1860).
What was the primary objective of the Free Soil Party?
To stop the expansion of slavery into the new USA territories.
How was it decided whether western states would be free or slave?
Popular Soveriegnty
Who were barnburners?
Anti-slavery democrats who defected to the Free-Soil party
Who were fire-eaters?
Fire-Eaters were a group of radical pro-slavery Southerners in the Antebellum South who urged the separation of Southern states into a new nation.
What were the 2 main provisions of the Compromise of 1850?
a) A more strict fugitive slave law
b) California enters the union as a free state.
Who was the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad?
Harriet Tubman
Who is A. Lincoln speaking of when he said "so you're the little woman who wrote the book that made this great war"?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
This act, in effect, repealed the Missouri Compromise
Kansas-Nebrasks Act
The Kansas - Nebraska Act caused a virtual civil war in what state?
Kansas
Where did "border ruffians" come from?
Missouri
This man took a congressional beating over the slavery issue
Charles Sumner
This party was formed in response to growing ethnic tensions
Know Nothing Party
This party was formed as a direct reaction to the passage of the Kansas - Nebraska Act
Republican Party
Who made up the Republican Party
Anti-slavery "Conscience Whigs" and Free Soil Democrats opposed to the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
What was the Republicans primary purpose?
To stop the spread of slavery into the western territories
Who won the election of 1856?
James Buchanan
What was the name of the plan of government drawn up by pro-slavery forces in Kansas
Lecompton Constitution
The Supreme Court ruled all western properties were open to slavery with this decision?
Dred Scott v Sanford
Who issued the Freeport Doctrine
Stephen A Douglas
What 2 planks in the Republican platform concerned Southern Democrats?
High tariff on South + Slavery Issues
This man was a martyr to Northerners and a criminal to Southerner
John Brown
This man attacked a federal arsenal with the hope of starting a slave uprising
John Brown
Who were the presidential candidates in the election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln, John C. Breckinridge, Stephen A. Douglas, John Bell
How many southern states did A. Lincoln win in the election of 1860?
None
Which state was the first to secede?
South Carolina
Who was elected president of the Confederacy?
Jefferson Davis
What did the Crittenden Compromise propose?
Protecting the institution of slavery through constitutional amendments.
What historical event did southern whites cite as evidence that backed their leaving the Union?
The American Revolution
What did Lincoln assure Southern's he would do?
Southerners were assured that Lincoln would not get rid of slavery.
What did Lincoln do more than any previous President?
Lincoln drew upon his powers as chief executive and commander in chief- he acted without approval from congress.
How many states seceded before Fort Sumter?
7
Where did the Confederates move their capital to?
Richmond, VA
What was the primary military and political goal of Lincoln?
To enhance the Union with immigrants and emancipated slaves- gain help from a loyal navy. Fight to preserve the Union (the whole U.S.) and not let the ideology of states rights to give Confederacy more power to become separate.
What was the original confederate military advantage?
Good military leaders
What was the major economic advantage for the Union?
They controlled most of the banking and capital of the country, and owned the majority of railroads, and farmland, as well as industry.
What was the confederacy chronically short of?
Money
What was the original enlistment period for Union soldiers?
90 days
What did Lincoln do to McClellan after he failed to pursue Lee after Antietam.
Replace w/ General John Pope
What placed the Union's plan of blockade into jeopardy?
The Merrimac
How long was the duel between the Monitor and the Merrimac?
5 hours
What almost caused the British to side with the confederacy?
The Trent Affair
From what other countries did European nations get cotton?
India and Egypt
Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation after what battle?
Battle of Antietam
What constitutional amendment officially ended slavery?
13th Ammendment
What battle secured complete control over the Mississippi River?
Battle of Vicksburg
What type of war did Grant practice?
War by Attrition
At what place was Lee forced into a position where he had to surrender?
Appomattox Courthouse
What did Lincoln say at his 2nd inaugural address?
That the defeated south should be treated "with malice toward none, with charity toward all."
Who killed Abraham Lincoln?
John Wilkes Booth
Who else did Booth and his conspirators attempt to assassinate?
William Seward (secretary of state) and Andrew Johnson (vice president)
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