Upgrade to remove ads
Only $35.99/year

Intercultural Communications Final Exam

Terms in this set (99)

cultural space
the particular configuration of the communication that constructs meanings of various places
relational messages
messages that communicate how we feel about others
status
the relative position an individual holds in social or organizational settings
deception
the act of making someone believe what is not true
expectancy violation theory
the view that someones nonverbal behavior violates our expectations, these violations will be perceived positively or negatively depending on the specific context and behavior
facial expressions
facial gestures that convey emotions and attitudes
contact cultures
cultural groups in which people tend to stand close together
noncontact cultures
cultural groups in which people tend to maintain more space and touch less often that people do in contact cultures
paralinguistics
the study of vocal behaviors include voice qualities and vocalization
voice qualities
the "music" of the human voice, including speech, pitch, rhythm, vocal range
vocalization
the sounds we utter that do not have the structure of language
chronemics
the concept of time and the rules that govern its use
monochronic
an orientation to time that assumes it is linear and is a commodity that can be lost or gained
polychronic
an orientation to time that sees it as circular and more holistic
discrimination
behaviors resulting from stereotypes or prejudice that cause some poeple to be denied equal participation or rights based on cultural group membership, such as race
semiotics
the analysis of the nature of and relationship between signs
semiosis
the process of producing meaning
signs
in semiotics the meanings that emerge from the combination of the signifiers and signifieds
signifiers
in semiotics, the culturally constructed arbitrary words or symbols that people use to refer to something else
signified
in semiotics, anything that is expressed in arbitrary words or signifiers
regionalism
loyalty to a particular region that holds significant cultural meaning for that person
postmodern cultural spaces
places that are defined by cultural practices--languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed--and that often change as new people move in and out of these spaces
migrant
an individual who leaves the primary cultural context in which he or she was raised and moves to a new cultural context for an extended period of time
sojourners
people who move into new cultural contexts for a limited period of time and for a specific purpose, such as for study or business
immigrants
people who come to a new country, region, or environment to settle more or less permanently
long-term refugees
people who are forced to relocate permantely
short-term refugees
people who are forced for s short time to move from their region or country
assimilation
a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual fives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
separation
a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups
segregation
the policy or practice of compelling groups to live apart from each other
integration
a type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture and their daily interactions with other groups
marginalization
a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual expresses little interest in maintaining cultural ties with either the dominant culture or the migrant culture
cultural adaptation
a process by which individuals learn the rules and customs of new cultural contexts
uncertainty reduction
the process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
predictive uncertainty
a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict that someone will say or do
explanatory uncertainty
in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave as they do
flight approach
a strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment
fight approach
a trial-and-error approach to coping with a new situation
social support
ties with other people that play a significant part in mediating psychological health over time
psychological health
the state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context
functional fitness
the ability to function in daily life in many different contexts
intercultural identity
identity based on two or more cultural frames of references
U-curve theory
a theory of cultural adaptation positing that migrants go through fairly predictable phases--excitement/anticipation, shock/disorientation, adjustment-- in adapting to a new cultural situation
cultural shock
a relatively short-term feeling of disorientation and discomfort due to the lack of familiar cues in the environment
W-Curve theory
a theory of cultural adaptation that suggests that sojourners experience another U curve upon returning home
phenomenological approach
a research approach that seeks in-depth explanations of human experiences
liminality
the experience of being between two or more cultural positions
transnationalism
the activity of migrating across the borders of one of more nation-states
multicultural identity
a sense of in-betweenness and develops as a result of frequent or multiple cultural border crossings
popular culture
a new name for low culture, referring to those cultural products that most people share and know about, including television, music, videos
folk culture
traditional and non mainstream cultural activities that are not financially driven
culture industries
industries that produce and sell popular culture as commodities
cultural texts
popular culture messages whether television shoes, movies, advertisements, or other widely disseminated messages
encoding
the process of creating a message for others to understand
decoding
the process of interpreting a message
reader profiles
portrayals of readership demographics prepared by magazines
media imperialism
domination of control through media
electronic colonialism
domination or exploitation utilizing technological forms
cultural imperialism
domination through the spread of cultural products
similarity 2
a principle of relationship attraction suggesting that individuals tend to be attracted to people they perceive to be similar to themselves
cognitive consistency
having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
guanxi
a Chinese term for relational network
intimacy
the extent of emotional closeness
romantic relationships
intimate relationships that comprise of love, involvement, sharing, openness, connectedness and so on
self-disclosure
revealing information about oneself
line of sight
information about other people's identity based upon visible physical characteristics
submission style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which one partner yields to the other partner's cultural patterns, abandoning or denying his or her own culture
compromise style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which both partners give up some part of their own cultural habits and beliefs to minimize cross-cultural differences
obliteration style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which both partners attempt to erase their individual cultures in dealing with cultural differences
consensus style
a style of interaction for an intercultural couple in which partners deal with cross-cultural differences by negotiating their relationship
intercultural conflict
conflict between two or more cultural groups
conflict
the interference between two or more interdependent individuals or groups of people who perceive incompatible goals, values or expectations in attaining those ends
confrontation
direct resistance, often to the dominant forces
pacifism
opposition to the use of force under any circumstance
intermediary
in a formal setting, a professional third party, such as a lawyer, real estate agent, or counselor, who intervenes when two parties are in conflict. Informal intermediaries may be friends or colleagues who intervene
facework
communication strategies used to "save" out own or someones else's "face" or public image
dominating style
a conflict management strategy whereby an individual achieves his or her goal at the expense of others needs
integrating style
a conflict management strategy characterized by the open and direct exchange of information in an attempt to reach a solution acceptable to both parties
compromising style
a conflict management strategy that involves sharing and exchanging information to the extent that both individuals give up something to find a mutually acceptable decision
obliging style
a conflict management strategy characterized by playing down differences and incompatibilities when emphasizing commonalities
avoiding style
a conflict management strategy characterized in US cultural contexts by a low concern for the self and others. In some other cultural contexts, however, this strategy may be seen as tactical in maintaining harmonious relationships
social conflict
conflict that arises from unequal or unjust social relationships between groups
social movements
organized activities in which individuals work together to bring about social change
international conflicts
conflicts between two or more nations
dialogue
conversation that is :slow, careful, full of feeling, respectful and attentive"
mediation
the act of resolving conflict by having someone intervene between two parties
motivation
as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self and others, and to remain flexible
knowledge
the quality of knowing about oneself, others, and various aspects of communication
self-knowledge
related to intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing how one is perceived as a communicator, as well as one's strengths and weaknesses
other-knowledge
related to intercultural communication competence, knowledge about how people from other culture think and behave that will also help you be a more effective communicator
linguistic knowledge
knowledge of other languages besides one's native language or of the difficulty of learning a second or thirf language
attitudes
an individual's dispositions or mental sets. Attitudes include tolerance for ambiguity, empathy, and nonjudgmentalism
tolerance for ambiguity
the ease with which an individual copes with situations in which a great deal is unknown
empathy
the capacity to "walk in another person's shoes"
transpection
cross-cultural empathy
nonjudgmentalism
free from evaluating according to one's own cultural frame of reference
D.I.E. exercise
a device that helps us determine if we are communicating at a descriptive, interpretive, or evaluative level. Only descriptive statements are nonjudgmental
intercultural alliances
bonds between individuals or groups across cultures characterized by a shared recognition of power and the impact of history and by an orientation of affirmation
empathy
...
Recommended textbook explanations

Myers' Psychology for AP

2nd EditionDavid G Myers
900 explanations

Myers' Psychology for AP

1st EditionDavid G Myers
313 explanations

A Concise Introduction To Logic (Mindtap Course List)

13th EditionLori Watson, Patrick J. Hurley
1,960 explanations

Psychology: Principles in Practice

1st EditionSpencer A. Rathus
1,024 explanations