Negevthe southern desert region of ancient PalestineMishnaA Hebrew word derived from a root meaning "to repeat" refers to the collection of beliefs and regulations of the Jews that were compiled ca. early 3d century ADHesedHebrew term carrying the idea of loyal love, translated variously in English as loving kindness, mercy, steadfast loveNazaritea person who dedicated him, or herself to God by a special vow, the requirements of which required absention from all grape products, leaving hair uncut, and avoiding uncleanlinessDivine WarriorGod's battle against evil in the world. God himself takes the role of Divine Warrior who leads the holy war on behalf of his peopleRedemptionthe concept of release of freedom on payment of a price, deliverance by a costly methodSabbaththe Hebrew word means 'rest' but usually refers to the seventh day of the weekHigh PlaceA site, often elevated, of a sacred shrineYahwehEnglish rendering of the Tetragrammation or divine personal name of God (Jehovah)PolytheismA word meaning "many gods" which refers to the belief that more than one god exists and that they are objects of devotionProphetOne who speaks on behalf of God to communicate His will for a particular situation--sometimes predicts or declares what will come in the futureHeremthe ritual devotion of an object to destruction or to sacred usekinsman redeemera close relative who has the right or responsibility to redeem or avengeLevirate Marriagethe practice by which the brother of a man who dies without sons marries the deceased's widow in order to produce an heir for the dead mantheocracyGovernment by divine ruleTalmuda Hebrew word meaning "study" or "learning"Urim and Thummin"lights and perfections" objects to be placed in the breastpiece of the High Priest and used to discern God's willSanctuarythe place where God specifically manifests his Presence to which God's people come for legitimate worshiptheophanya term meaning literally "appearance of God" technical term for the appearance of God in some visible formUnited Monarchythe time of Saul, David, and Solomon, when Israel and Judah were unified under one kingSyncretismthe sharing and blending of religious beliefsTellHebrew and Arabic words respectively, both of which mean "ruin" these are standard terms applied to archeaological ruins in Syria and PalestineTextual criticisma study strategy which tries to reconstruct as closely as possible the original reading by comparing the surviving manuscripts of the documentsShemathe foundational statement of Jewish belief from Deut. 6:4, "Hear O Israel, Yahweh our God, Yahweh is one."Teraphimtechnical term usually translated "household gods" "gods" and "idol"YahwehUsually rendered as Lord in English translations in the Old TestamentTorahPentateuch Law, Books of Moses, and this all refer to the same booksTransliterationthe result of rendering the vocal values of the letters of one language into the equivalent vocal values of the letters of another languageWritingsthe last 3 sections of the Hebrew canon consisting primarily of wisdom literature, poetry, and some historical type works such as Chronicles, Ruth, Esther, Ezra, and NehemiahSatanliterally an adversary or plotter, one who devises means for opposing anotherTypespiritual correspondences particularly between persons, institutions, and events of the OT that are regarded as divinely established models of corresponding realities in the NT.Tabernaclea word derived from Latin that refers to Israel's tent sanctuary used prior to the Templetetragrammatonhebrew name of God transliterated in 4 letters as YHWH or JHVH and articulated Yahweh or Jehovahapodictic lawrefers to timeless divine commands and not to "law appeal"arabahdesolate and dry area -Jordan River ValleyAsherahsemitic mother goddess who appears in a # of ancient sources including Akkadian writings by the name of Akkadian writings by the name of AshratumAuthorityright conferred by recognized social positionBirthrightsomething that is acquired or inherited at birthBlessinginfusion of something w/ holiness, spiritual redemption, divine will, or ones hope or approvalcircumcisionsurgical removal of some or all foreskincomparative studiesspecialization in anthropology and sister sciences that studies human behavior and societyconsecratesolemn dedication to a special purpose or service, usually religiouscuneiforma wedge shaped writing system that developed in the Sumerian culture of Mesopotamia early in the 3rd milleniumDead Sea Scrollscollection of 972 texts consisting of biblical manuscripts from what is now known as the Hebrew bible found between 1946-56 in NW shore of Dead SeaDecalogue/Ten Commandmentslist of religious and moral imperatives that according to Abrahamic religions, was given by God to the people of IsraelDeuteronmistic Historysystematic and rational study of religion and its influences and of the nature of religious truthsDiasporamovement, migration, or scattering pple away from an established homelandexegesisthe careful and methodical study of a test undertaken in order to understand its meaningexilethe forced removal of Israelites from their land, which resulted from the Babylonian deportationsFace Valuevalue of a coin, stamp, paper money, as printed on the coin, stamp, or bill itself by the minting authoritygenreclassification of literature based upon the style or type of writinghermeneuticsapplication of rules and procedures for determining the meaning of written texts, broadly defined as the "art of interpretation"inspirationdivine origin of the biblerevelationrevealing or disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through supposed communication w/ a deity or other supernatural entity or entitiesscripturedivinely inspired religious textspentateuchgreek word meaning "five scrolls, applied to the 1st 5 books of the Biblecosmologystory about the origin of the worldfallfall of mankind, when Eve ate of the tree of knowledge of good and evilFloodGod sent the flood. He warned Noah.Holinessseparation from the "mundane" and ordinary for service or worship to God, who himself is wholly separated from his creationExodusdeparture of the Israelites from Egypt under MosesIdolsystem that was inherently polytheistic, syncretisicinspirationdoctrine in Christian theology that the authors and editors of the Bible were led or influenced by God w/ the result that their writingsLex talionislaw of retaliation that a punishment inflicted should correspond in degree and kind to the offense of the wrongdoer, as an eye for an eye, tooth for toothMasoretic textthe authoritative Hebrew text of the Jewish Bible, Jewish canonMerneptah Stelean inscription by the ancient Egyptian king. deals w/ a separate campaign in Canaan then part of Egypt's imperial possessions and include the 1st probable instance of the name "Israel" in the historical recordMessiahgenerally, one set apart for a divinely appointed office such as a priest or king Israel's deliverer-kingPatriarchsfather of a tribe, the name given to the head of a family or tribe in the OT times Abraham is an exampleProvidence"foresight" generally used to denote God's preserving and governing all the things bySacred Spacearea made sacred by the special presence of deity. treated as holy and therefore access to its denied or limited, needs to be safeguarded both to retain its holiness and to protect pple from harmsanctifyset apart or declare as holy, consecrateseptuagint"seventy" for the 70 scribes who translated the torah into Greek around 3rd century BC