LEC. 3: Peers

peers
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Terms in this set (15)
peers
individuals of similar age and status
-they can provide context for development
why are peer relationships so important?
proposal: peer acceptance affects later adjustment
*studies show that peer relationships have more of an influence than parents can
causal model
this model claims that:
-low in acceptance- child is 2 to 5 times more likely to drop out of school
-highly aggressive- leading to criminality
*assumption: low acceptance/high aggression CAUSES poor outcome
incidental model
this model claims that:
-schizophrenics - were withdrawn as children and 2 to 3 times more likely than "normal" children to withdraw from social interactions as children
*assumption: child's characteristics CAUSE low peer acceptance and withdrawal
sociometric status
one way peer relationships are measured
-nominations by peers
-the degree to which someone is liked or disliked
unidimensional measures
one way peer relationships are measured
-child is asked "who do you like to play with?"
-measures social acceptance only
two dimensional measure
one way peer relationships are measured
-positive and negative nominations
-distinguishes highly liked and unpopular
popular child
lots of positive votes
accounts for about 23% of classroom
highest levels of sociability and academic functioning
rejected child
actively disliked
accounts for about 20% of classroom
more aggressive and withdrawn
controversial child
combination of many positive and many negative votes
accounts for about 7% of classroom
combo of popular and rejected
greater sociability
better academic functioning
neglected childfew positive or negative votes accounts for about 20% of classroom viewed similarly as averageaverage childmixtures of ratings accounts for about 30% of classroomDodge's hostile attribution biastendency to interpret other people's behaviors as having hostile intent even when behavior is ambiguous or benign *aggressive-rejected child *based on sociometric measures and observation: rejection appears to be related to aggression, disruptiveness, hyperactivity, social intrusiveness, bossinessacademic performance of rejected childrenthis child is more at risk for truancy, repeating grades, lower GPAs, and dropping out of schoolrejected children are more at risk for-external symptoms: aggression, delinquency, hyperactivity, attention-deficit disorders, conduct disorder, and substance abuse -internal symptoms: loneliness, depression, withdrawn behavior, obsessive-compulsive behavior *show a variety of longer-term negative effects