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Cellular Form and Function

Terms in this set (37)

Organisms
Made up of cells
Cell
The simplest structural and functional unit of life
Organisms structure and function
Due to cells
Cells come from
Cells
Cells of all species have
similarities
Function of a cell
Unit of life, DNA, and Carry out all physiology
Cell components
Plasma (cell) membrane, Cytoplasm, Organelle, Cytoskeleton, Intercellular Fluid (ICF), and Extracellular Fluid (ECF)
Plasma (cell) membrane
Surrounds the cell and selectively isolates the cell from its environment
Cytoplasm
The region of a cell between the nucleus and plasma membrane; Contains the organelles, cytoskeleton, and ICF
Organelle
Group of molecules working togetherto carry out a function; carries out specialized function for the cell
Cytoskeleton
Provides a supportive framework for the cell
Intercellular Fluid
Cytosol, ICF, Gel-like fluid inside of the cell
Extracellular Fluid
ECF, Fluid outside of the cell
Lipids of the plasma membrane
Phospholipids 75%, Cholestrol 20%, and Glycolipids 5%
Phospholipids
Provide structure
Cholestrol
Provide right amount of fluidity
Glycolipids
Form the glycocalyx
Phospolipid
Head - Likes water, Tail - Hates water, and together head and tail are amphiphilic
Amphiphilic
Likes and hates water
Amphiphilic Phospholipids in Plasma Membrane
Two layers = Lipid bilayer, Hydrophilic heads to outside to interact with ICF/ECF, and Hydrophobic tails to inside to interact with each other
Integral (transmembrane) Protein
Pass through the membrane, have hydrophilic regions in the ICF/ECF and hydrophobic regions inside the membrane
Peripheral Protein
Adhere to the intercellular side of the membrane, and often connect to an integral protein or to the cytoskeleton
Membrane Proteins
Receptors, Second messenger systems, Enzymes, Channel proteins, Carriers, Molecular motors, Cell-identity markers, and Cell adhesion Molecules
Receptors
Bind external chemical signals (Hormones)
Second messenger systems
Carry information from the bound receptor to the inside of the cell
Enzymes
Catalyze chemical reactions
Channel proteins
Pores which allow small substances in and out of a cell
Carriers
Carry small substances across the plasma membrane
Molecular motors
Move cells and change their shape
Cell-identity markers
Glycocalyx
Cell adhesion Molecules
Bind cells to each other and to other tissue
Glycocalyx
Outer cell surface, formed from glycoproteins and glycolipids in the plasma membrane, contain a carbohydrate piece which extends into the ECF, the carboydrate serves as a cell indentification tag, and allows body to recognize its own cells
Microvilli, Cilia, and Flagella
All are external surface extensions of the plasma membrane
Mirovilli
Short and thick, increase surface area for absorption, often called a brush border (ex. small intestine)
Cilia
Long and thin, non-motile or motile, non-motile have a sensory function, motile push mucus along the respiratory tract and the egg along the Fallopian tube
Flagella
Long and thick, propel sperm inside the female reproductive tract
Selectively permeable
Allows some things through (nutrients and water), and prevents passage of some things (proteins and phosphates)
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