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CLEP Human Growth and Development REA Practice Exam 1

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Which theoretical perspective emphasizes nature in the "nature versus nurture" controversy?

A. Behavioral theory

B. Social learning theory

C. Social-cognitive theory

D. Psychodynamic theory

E. Sociocultural
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Which theoretical perspective emphasizes nature in the "nature versus nurture" controversy?

A. Behavioral theory

B. Social learning theory

C. Social-cognitive theory

D. Psychodynamic theory

E. Sociocultural
(D)

The psychodynamic theory emphasizes nature in the nature versus nurture debate more than the other perspectives listed because of the emphasis on inborn, biological drives within this perspective.
Which theorist would be most likely to expect cultural differences in development?

A. Vygotsky

B. Piaget

C. Freud

D. Skinner

E. Bowlby
(A)

Vygotsky is the one theorist of the five who argued that culture influences cognitive development. He argued that a child's cognitive abilities develop as a result of engaging in tasks with older, more competent adults. He also argued that language affects thought.
To determine whether boys and girls play differently, a researcher videotaped children at play during school recess. This is an example of a

A. field experiment

B. naturalistic observation

C. cross-sectional study

D. survey

E. clinical interview
(B)

Since the researcher is recording behavior in a natural setting, and is not controlling or manipulating any variables, it is a naturalistic observation.
The average child begins to walk between

A. 7 and 8 months

B. 9 and 10 months

C. 11 and 12 months

D. 13 and 14 months

E. 16 and 17 months
(C)

Research on physical development shows that on average, children begin to walk on their own between 11 and 12 months of age.
According to Piaget, adaptation is made up of the two processes called

A. equilibration and accommodation

B. accommodation and fixation

C. equilibration and assimilation

D. operation and conservation

E. accommodation and assimilation
(E)

Piaget used the term "adaptation" for the process of a child adjusting to the environment. The two complementary processes involved in adaptation are accommodation, when a child constructs a new scheme that organizes a new experience, and assimilation, when a child applies an already existing scheme to understand a new experience. Piaget argued that accommodation occurs when an attempt to assimilate new information fails.