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AAS 574 Dairy Cattle diseases FINAL

Terms in this set (25)

You have been assigned a job as an agricultural extension agent in upstate NY. Part of your job involves assessing pasture management and rotational grazing via farm visits and pasture walks. What should you remember to pack in your vehicle before you leave to help do your part of upholding each farm's biosecurity?
plastic boots/washable boots, disinfectant, protective washable coveralls, hand sanitizer, extra change of cloths, bucket, scrub brush & a gallon of clean water
Name the missing 7th step in helping to create a biosecure dairy facility:

1. Have animals Identified
2. Closed Herd
2. Vaccination
3. Isolation
4. Source of Replacements
5. Test Replacements
6. Isolate New Additions
Control Farm Traffic
Jack and Jill both bought heifer calves from the local calf sale that came from the same farm in May. Jill and Jack brought her calf home in a clean trailer and promptly put it into a clean isolated quarantine pen. The next morning Jack noticed his calf had a temperature of 103F. Should Jack be worried?
No, 103F is a normal temperature for a calf
What should you do if you notice anything that looks like it could be vesicles in the mouth or between the toes of your cattle after you have moved the animal to quarantine if possible?
Telephone your veterinarian and inspect the other cattle
Which definition of biosecurity is the most complete?

A. Guarding against or adopting practices to reduce the transmission, incidence and infection of diseases that are harmful or deadly to animals and/or humans.
B. Having a closed herd to protect food safety and baby elephants..
C. Washing your hands and boots after visiting other farms
D. Having a national plan to reduce global disease to protect food safety.
A. Guarding against or adopting practices to reduce the transmission, incidence and infection of diseases that are harmful or deadly to animals and/or humans.
You have a job managing a calf barn that houses 400 calves. You notice that a lot of the calves have fevers, runny noses, runny eyes and some even have infected ears. What is the most likely pathogen causing these symptoms and what management tool would prevent it as well as many other calfhood diseases?
Mycoplasma, pasteurization of milk or feeding of milk replacer
According to federal law, you must have USDA ear tags in cattle under 18 months intended for slaughter.
False
Coccidians are protozoan organisms found in the intestine of cattle but can become opportunistic pathogens. What management practices might help decrease coccidial burden on growing calves and heifers?
Keeping housing clean and dry, separating new borns, controlling stocking density, Feeding coccidiostats such as Deccoxinate or Rumensin in calf starter or as medicated milk replacer, good colostrum management
If you have a dull, down calf with sunken eyes that lacks suck reflex and has a normal temperature what might you need to do?
Call your veterinarain, the calf needs IV fluid therapy at the very least because it is over 8% dehydrated
What three organisms are part of Shipping Fever Complex that can be vaccinated against to protect animals prior to shipment/stress events?
Pasteurella, Mannheimia, H. somnus
What is the ideal body condition score range for dry cows?
3.5-4 out of 5
You have a down first freshening jersey that has just calved. Her ears are cold, she cannot stand and she is already a heavy milk producer. What condition is she most likely to have and what should you probably give her?
Milk Fever (hypocalcemia), she needs IV Calcium borogluconate or CMPK
How can you avoid acidosis in dairy cattle?
Feed a DCAB diet high in long stem fiber to promote saliva production and rumen buffering. Utilize transition diets and avoid drastic changes in feed over short periods of time.
What cattle are most at risk for Ketosis?
Very fat and thin cattle under high energy demands that exceed their ability to intake nutrients.
What is the most common emergency treatment for Ketosis?
IV administration of 500 mL of 50% dextrose solution
What is the name of the simple test you can use on farm to detect mastitis?
California Mastitis Test (CMT)
What is the difference between clinical and subclinical mastitis?
Clinical mastitis means that you can easily detect noticable signs of mastitis such as swelling, heat, redness and clotted milk. Subclinical mastitis is not detectable by the naked eye.
A cow that is non weight baring on one or more limbs would be given what lameness score?
5
Cows with a somatic cell score of over 400,000 should be tested with a CMT test and/or be routinely cultured?
YES
What methodology is commonly used to trim cattle feet?
Dutch 5 Step Method
What is the hormone of pregnancy?
Progesterone
Cattle come into heat on average every ____ days.
21
You see two cows in a field and one is mounting the other. Which cow is in heat (estrus)?
The cow standing to be mounted
True or False: Hormone analog drugs used in cattle synchronization programs are effective in people and can manipulate the human reproductive cycle, especially in women.
True
Retained placentas resulting in clinical & subclinical metritis is a common causes of failure of cattle to submit to service or retain a pregnancy.
True
Verified questions
chemistry
Write the equation for calculating molarity. Why is molarity a convenient concentration unit in chemistry?
Verified answer
chemistry
The first and second ionization energies of $\mathrm{K}$ are $419 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$ and $3052 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$, respectively, and those of $\mathrm{Ca}$ are $590 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$ and $1145 \mathrm{~kJ} \mathrm{~mol}^{-1}$, respectively. Compare their values and comment on the differences.
Verified answer
physics
When a ship travels through a shallow waterway, it can sink somewhat in what is known as ship squat because, as it advances, it forces water to flow underneath the hull, which reduces the water pressure there. In 1992, the ship squat grounded the ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 near Martha's Vineyard in ocean waters off Massachusetts. The ship's draft in open water was $9.8 \mathrm{~m}$ but it grounded on a shoal at depth $10.5 \mathrm{~m}$. Calculations about ship squats are very complicated and vary from one ship to another and from one waterway to another. Let's consider a simplistic situation with a rectangular ship (Fig. 14.39). In open water, it has a draft (depth) of $d=9.80 \mathrm{~m}$. (a) What is the gauge pressure $p$ of the water just below the hull? (b) While moving through a shallow channel, water beneath the hull flow from bow to stern at $4,00 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}$. By how much is the pressure just below the hull reduced due to that flow? (c) What draft $d^{\prime}$ is then required to float the ship? (d) What is the magnitude of the ship squat?
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engineering
In a food industry plant, two immiscible fluids are pumped through a tube such that fluid 1$(\mu_{1}= 0.5N \cdot s/m^{2}$) forms an inner core r = D/4 and fluid 2$(\mu_{2} = 5N \cdot s/m^{2}$) forms an outer annulus. The tube has D = 5 mm diameter and length L = 5m. Derive and plot the velocity distribution if the applied pressure difference, $\Delta p$, is 5 MPa.
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