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PANCE Buzzwords

Terms in this set (315)

India ink in CSF
Cryptococcus Neoformans (associated with meningitis in AIDS patients)
Pneumonia in AIDS patients with CD4 <200/uL
Pneumocysitis carinii
Bloody diarrhea: MC in Crohn's or UC
UC
Toxic megacolon: MC in Crohn's or UC
UC
Fistulas: MC in Crohn's or UC
Crohn's
Pseudopolyps: characteristic of Crohn's or UC
UC
Atypical pneumonia in young people (low grade fever, cough)
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Flexion contracture of the hand
Dupuytren's contracture
Intelligence test used in psych and education
Stanford-Binet test
MC vessel affected in epidural hemorrhage
Middle meningeal artery
Hemorrhage presenting as thunderclap HA
SAH (may also have nuchal rigidity)
Hemorrhage presenting as brief LOC follow by lucid interval
Epidural hemorrhage
Vessels affected in subdural hemorrhage
Bridging veins
Leading cause of blindness in U.S. adults >60
Diabetic retinopathy
EKG changes most commonly associated with acute pericarditis
Diffuse ST-segment elevation
EKG changes pathognomonic of effusion
Electrical alternans
Cardinal sx of diastolic HF
Dyspnea
Caseating granuloma
TB
Honeycomb on CT
Idiopathic fibrosing interstitial pneumonia
Ground glass appearance on CXR
Hyaline membrane disease
MC gyne CA
Endometrial CA
Strawberry cervix
Trichomoniasis
Clue cells
Bacterial vaginosis
String of pearls on US
PCOS
Chandelier sign
PID
Painless chancre
Syphilis
Painful genital ulcer
Chancroid
Virchow triad
Stasis, vascular injury, hypercoagulability
Study of choice for PE dx
CT angio
Gold std of PE dx
Pulmonary angiography
Anemia caused by lead toxicity
Sideroblasic (microcytic)
Spur cell
Post splenectomy
Target cell
Thalassemias, hemoglobinopathies
Basophilic stippling
Lead toxicity
Bite cells
G6PD deficiency
Rouleaux formation
Multiple myeloma
Tear drop cells
Iron deficiency, megaloblastic anemias
Schistocyte cells (helmet)
Thrombotic thrombocytopenia, DIC, vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, heart valve, burns
Elliptocyte cells
Hereditary, thalassemia, iron def, megaloblastic
Spherocyte cells
Hereditary, immune hemolytic anemia, water dilution
Stomatocyte
Hereditary, alcoholic liver dz
Burr cell
Uremia, low K, artifact, stomach cancer, PUD
MCC anemia worldwide
iron deficiency
Cherry red spot on retina
CRAO
Hollenhorst plaque on retina
Cholesterol emboli at retinal artery bifurcation
Blood and thunder retinal appearance
CRVO
Copper and silver wire appearance of retinal vessels
Hypertensive retinopathy
Drusen bodies
Dry macular degeneration
Metamorphopsia
Wavy/disorted vision measured with Amsler grid in macular degeneration
"Curtain being drawn" over eye
Retinal detachment or amaurosis fugax
Box-carring
CRAO (separation of arterial flow)
Steamy cornea
Angle-closure glaucoma
Hot potato voice
Peritonsillar abscess
Oral white patches that can be scraped off
Oral candidiasis
Oral white patches that cannot be scraped off
Leukoplakia
Vertigo lasting minutes to hours with hearing loss
Meniere disease
Acute severe vertigo with hearing loss, both last several days to a week
Labyrinthitis
Unilateral progressive hearing loss with continuous vertigo
Acoustic neuroma
Samter triad
Nasal polyps, asthma, aspirin sensitivity
Bronchopneumonia with patchy infiltrates involving 1+ lobes
Klebsiella
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts with alcohol abuse
Klebsiella pneumo
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts with COPD
Haemophilus pneumo
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts with CF
Pseudomonas
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts with AC
Legionella
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts post-splenectomy
Encapsulated org, Strep pneumo, Haemophilus pneumo
Likely pneumonia pathogen in pts with leukemia/lymphoma
Fungus
Likely pneumonia pathogen in children <1
RSV
Likely pneumonia pathogen in children <2
Parainfluenza virus
Rust-colored sputum
Strep pneumo
Currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella pneumo
Gohn complex
TB
Linear opacities at bases and pleural plaques on CXR
Asbestosis
Diffuse infiltrates and hilar adenopathy
Beryllosis
Noncaseating granulomas on biopsy
Sarcoidosis
Tetralogy of Fallot defects
VSD, aortic origination defect, RV outflow obstruction, RVH
Crescendo-decrescendo holosystolic murmur at LSB
Tetralogy of Fallot
Systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS, early to middle systolic rumble, wide fixed split S2
ASD
Systolic murmur at LLSB
VSD
Systolic LUSB murmur, may be continuous
Coarctation of aorta
High pitch, loud, blowing decrescendo murmur heard at the 2nd-4th LICS
Aortic regurg
Austin Flint murmur
Aortic regurg
2nd RICS murmur increased by sitting and leaning forward
Aortic stenosis
Low pitched, rumbling diastolic murmur with accentuated S1, opening snap follows S2
Mitral stenosis
Pan systolic murmur, blowing, located at apex
Mitral regurg
Mid-systolic click
MVP
Holosystolic murmur at LLSB, increases slightly with inspiration
Tricuspid regurg
Mid-systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur, early pulmonic ejection sound
Pulmonic stenosis
Macro-ovalocytes and hyperhsegmented PMNs
Folate acid deficiency anemia
MCC of pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency)
Lack of intrinsic factor
Heinz body
G6PD deficiency
JAK2 mutation
Polycythemia Vera
Bite cells
G6PD deficiency
Leukemia of childhood
ALL
Acute leukemia of adulthood
AML
Auer rods
AML
Philadelphia chromosome
CML
Smudge cells
CLL
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin disease
Monocolonal spike on serum protein electrophoresis
Multiple myeloma
Lytic lesions on x-ray
Multiple myeloma
Palpable purpura
Sepsis, meningococcemia, Henoch-Schonlein, purpura, drugs
Acute thrombocytopenia in children typically preceded by viral URI
Acute ITP (autoimmune IgG disorder)
Thrombocytopenia of previously healthy people between 20 and 50
Chronic ITP
Thrombocytopenia typically occurring in children in adults exposed to toxigenic E. Coli O157:H7
HUS
Thrombocytopenia in patients with severe underlying systemic illnesses
DIC
Grape like vesicles or snowstorm pattern on US
Complete hydatidiform mole
Cardinal sx of endometrial CA
Inappropriate uterine bleeding
Area of the cervix where cervical dysplasia typically develops
Transformation zone (95%0
Cerebral artery involved in sensorimotor deficit with distal > proximal and face sparing
Anterior cerebral artery
Cerebral artery involved in sensorimotor deficit with proximal > distal
Middle cerebral artery
MCC aseptic meningitis
Enterovirus
MCC bacterial meningitis
Strep pneumo
Classic trial bacterial meningitis
Fever, HA, nuchal rigidity
MCC encephalitis
HSV-1
Neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques
Alzheimer's
Characteristic feature of delirium
Fluctuating levels of consciousness
Hallmark of concussion
Amnesia and LOC (most with normal CT)
Most common traumatic injury due to deceleration or rotation
Diffuse axonal injury
MC result of diffuse axonal injury
Persistent vegetative state
HA worse in AM
Brain tumor
Intranuclear ophthalmoplegia
MS
Increased IgG, oligoclonal bands in CSF
MS
Periventricular white matter changes (plaques) on MRI
MS
Fluctuating weakness with fatiguability
Myasthenia gravis
Demyelinating polyneuropathy characterized by a rapidly progressive symmetrical lower extremity motor weakness
Guillain-Barré Syndrome
MCC nonhemorrhagic GI bleeds
PUD
MC extranodal site for non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Stomach
MCC Traveler's diarrhea
Entertoxic E. Coli (Tx is hydration, Bismuth/Loperamide)
Greasy, foul smelling, floating stools; Pear-shaped flagellated protozoan w/ 2 "eyes"; Water, travel, camping history
Giardia lamblia (Tx is Metronidazole)
Abdominal pain, diarrhea after cooking; Ham, cream, custards, mayonnaise
Staph aureus
Acute bacterial diarrhea w/ prodrome of HA, fever, then crampy abd pain & diarrhea
Campylobacter jejuni
Daycare associated diarrhea in infants
Rotavirus
Watery diarrhea from beef, poultry, or gravies (before cooking)
Clostridium perfirngens
Rice water stools
Vibrio cholera
Diarrhea associated with raw or undercooked shellfish
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Bloody diarrhea associated with undercooked ground beef
Enterotoxigenic E. Coli
MCC SBO
Adhesion
Pseudomembranous colitis
C. diff
Montezuma's revenge
Enterinvasive E. Coli
Anti-endomysial antibodies
Celiac disease (need SB bx to confirm dx)
Currant jelly stool
Intussusception
Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to PE findings
Acute mesenteric ischemia
Abdominal pain 10 to 30 minutes after eating which is relieved somewhat by squatting or lying down
Chronic mesenteric ischemia
MCC appendicitis
Fecalith
McBurney point pain
Appendicitis
MCC pancreatitis
Cholelithiasis & alcohol abuse
Grey Turner sign
Pancreatitis
Cullen sign
Pancreatitis
Courvoisier sign
Palpable gallbladder may be seen in cancer of the pancreatic head
Charcot triad
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever (ascending cholangitis)
Reynolds pentad
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever + altered mental status & hypotension (ascending cholangitis)
Sonographic Murphy's sign
Cholecystitis (pain on palpation, patient catches his/her breath)
Fat stranding of pancreas
Acute pancreatitis
Alpha fetoprotein tumor indicator
Testicular CA (non-seminomas), hepatocellular carcinoma, or metastatic CA of the liver
MC hernia
Indirect (passage of intestine through internal inguinal ring through inguinal canal)
Projectile vomiting in 4-6 week old
Pyloric stenosis
Olive-shaped mass on abdominal exam of infant
Pyloric stenosis
String sign on ultrasound
Pyloric stenosis (narrow lumen)
Vitamin deficiency: night blindness, dry skin
Vit A
Vitamin deficiency: rickets, osteomalacia
Vit D
Vitamin deficiency: hemolytic anemia, degenerative nerve changes
Vit E
Vitamin deficiency: tingling, poor coordination, edema, weakness, cardiac dysfunction
Vit B1 (Thiamin)
Vitamin deficiency: bleeding
Vit K
Vitamin deficiency: oral inflammation, eye disorders
Riboflavin
Vitamin deficiency: flushing
Niacin
Vitamin deficiency: HA, anemia, seizures
Vit B6 (pyridoxine)
Vitamin deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, diarrhea, mental disorders
Vit B9 (folate)
Vitamin deficiency: megaloblastic anemia, poor nerve function
Vit B12 (cobalamin)
Vitamin deficiency: scurvy (poor wound healing, petechiae, bleeding gums)
Vit C
Vitamin toxicity: skin issues, hair loss, teratogenicity
Vit A
Vitamin toxicity: hypercalcemia, kidney stones, soft tissue deposits
Vit D
Vitamin toxicity: inhibition of Vit K, myalgia, HA, weakness
Vit E
Vitamin toxicity: anemia, jaundice
Vit K
Vitamin toxicity: nerve destruction
Vit B6
Sausage shaped mass
Intussusception
Vitamin toxicity: hypercalcemia, kidney stones, soft tissue deposits
Vit D
Pancreatic CA tumor marker
CA 19-9
Ovarian CA tumor marker
CA-125
Beta subunit of hCG tumor indicator
Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole, germinoma
Trousseau sign
Hypocalcemia (carpal tunnel spasm after BP cuff applied for 3 minutes)
Chvostek sign
Hypocalcemia (spasm of facial muscle after tapping facial nerve in front of ear)
Prehn sign
Epididymitis (relief of pain with scrotal elevation)
MC presentin sx of bladder CA
Painless hematuria
Bag of worms
Varicocele
Nail pitting & onycholysis
Psoriatic arthritis
MC pathogen in joint infections
S. aureus
Dactylitis
Seronegative arthropathies (psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis)
Pencil in cup deformities on x-ray
Psoriatic arthritis (results from periarticular erosions and bone resorption)
Tetrad of urethritis, conjunctivitis, oligoarthritis, and mucosal ulcers
Reactive arthritis (Reiter syndrome - also has positive HLAB27)
Rod shaped negatively birefringent urate crystals
Gout
Small, punched out lesions on x-ray
Gout
Rhomboid shaped positively birefringent crystals
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate disease (pseudogout)
CREST syndrome
Calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, telangiectasias (associated with limited scleroderma)
MC primary malignant bone tumor
Multiple myeloma
MC primary benign bone neoplasm of the hand
Enchondroma
MC locations of Ewing sarcoma
Diaphyses of long bones, ribs and flat bones
MC location of osteosarcoma
Metaphyseal area of long bones
Sunburst pattern
Osteosarcoma
Moth-eaten or permeative pattern
Ewing sarcoma
Rings and arcs calcification
Chondrosarcoma
Herringbone pattern (histology)
Fibrosarcoma
Boxer's fracture
Fracture of the metacarpal neck of the 4th or 5th finger
Silver fork deformity
Colles fracture (distal radius fx with dorsal angulation)
Gamekeeper's thumb
Sprain or tear of the ulnar collateral ligament of the thumb
Popeye elbow
Olecranon bursitis
Nursemaid's elbow
Subluxation of the radial head (radial head slips anteriorly out of the annular ligament)
Sail sign
Radial head fracture (the pericapsular fat is usually hidden in the olecranon groove and fossa and its presence is indicative of fluid in the joint)
Bamboo appearance on radiography
Ankylosing spondylitis
Pain over the anatomic snuffbox
Scaphoid fracture
Back pain relieved by leaning forward
Spinal stenosis
Crescent sign on lateral hip films
Aseptic necrosis of the hip
McMurray test
Meniscal tear (knee flexed, foot internally rotated, extend knee w/ virus force)
Apley test
Meniscal tear (downward pressure to foot with internal and external rotation of the lower leg)
Sag sign
PCL tear
Lachman test
ACL tear (knee flexed 20-30 degrees, tibia pulled anteriorly)
Anterior draw test
Ankle sprain/stability (anterior force to heel while holding distal anterior leg fixed)
Thompson test
Achilles tendon rupture (squeeze gastroc & plantar flexion should occur)
MCC of a painful thyroid gland
Subacute painful (de Quervain's, granulomatous or giant cell)
"Woody" thyroid
Fibrous thyroiditis
FGFR3 gene
Dwarfism
Fruity breath
Ketoacidosis
Buffalo hump, moon facies, supraclavicular pads
Cushing syndrome
Pigmented striae > 1 cm wide
Cushing syndrome
Unhappy triad injury
ACL, MCL, medial meniscus injury
Flaccid paralysis, loss of bladder & bowel function, loss of pain & temperature sensation
Anterior spinal artery occlusion
Bilateral pain in kids affecting the knees and lower leg, usually occurring at bedtime and improving with rubbing/massage
"Growing pains" (likely unrelated to growth)
Micrographia
Parkinson disease
Pill-rolling tremor
Parkinson disease
Tremor relieved by alcohol
Benign essential (familial) tremor
Cog-wheeling
Parkinson disease
La belle indifference
Conversion disorder
Shuffling gait
Parkinson disease
Sunburn with goose bumps rash
Scarlet fever
Fiery red, painful macular rash with well-defined margins, typically on the face
Erysipelas
Golden honey yellow lesions
Impetigo (Strep pyoderma)
MCC cellulitis
Group A strep
Pea soup diarrhea
Enteric fever (typhoid fever) - Salmonella enterica
Gray membrane covering tonsils and pharynx
Diptheria
Hutchinson sign
Trigeminal eruptions that include the tip of the nose and risk corneal involvement in zoster
Owl's eyes on tissue biopsy (intracytoplasmic inclusions)
CMV
Beefy red rash with well-defined margins and satellite lesions
Diaper dermatitis caused by Candida
Oral white plaques that can be scraped off
Candida
Argyll Robertson pupil
Tertiary syphilis (reacts to light, but does not accommodate)
Frothy, yellow-green discharge
Trichomonas
Maculopapular rash that develops on the wrists and ankles and spreads to the extremities and trunk
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Elevated cold agglutinins
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Erythematous macular rash in a bathing suit distribution
Erythema marginatum (rheumatic fever)
MC type of ovarian neoplasm
Cystic teratoma
Low height and weight percentiles in kids associated with bone age equivalent to chronological age
Familial short stature
Low plasma ascorbate level + petechiae, micro hemorrhages, gingival bleeding, and perifollicular hemorrhages
Vitamin C deficiency (necessary cofactor for platelet function)
Systolic ejection murmur at the upper left sternal border and a mid-diastolic murmur at the lower left sternal border
Atrial septic defect (increased volume of blood flow across the pulmonary valve & to a lesser extent the tricuspid valve
Catalase positive, coagulase negative, gram positive cocci that grow whitish colonies on mannitol salt agar
Staph epidermidis
Golden yellow colonies on mannitol salt agar
Staph aureus
Positive coagulase production and excretion of DNAse from colonies
Staph aureus
Catalase negative and beta-hemolytic on sheep blood agar plates
Strep
Organism associated with wild rabbits
Francisella tularensis
Very low serum IgG
Hypogammaglobulinemia
MC cystic fibrosis mutation
delta-F508
MCC of early prosthetic valve endocarditis
S. epidermidis
Microcytic anemia with low iron binding capacity
Anemia of chronic disease
Diaper rash with sparing of skin creases
Irritant contact dermatitis
Hyperextension injury with UE deficits and relative sparing of LE
Central cord syndrome
MCC of neonatal meningitis
Strep agalactiae & E. coli
Late puberty, tall man with long legs and arms, small testes, moderate gynecomastia
Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY karytope)
Blowing diastolic murmur associated with wide pulse pressure
Aortic insufficiency
EKG changes that most likely reflect possible cardiac toxicity
Prolonged QT interval
Cyanosis in infants that is usually self-limited and occur immediately after feeding or when crying vigorously
Tet spells d/t Tetraology of Fallot
"Pinpoint lesions" between toes
Sign of injection drug abuse
MCC of acute bacterial endocarditis in IV drug abusers
Staph aureus
Cardiac enzyme most sensitive for acute muscle damage
Myoglobin
Transient ST elevation on EKG
EKG changes associated with Prinzmetal (variant) angina
Diminished and delayed pulses in the legs with higher BP readings in the UE compared to the LE
Coarctation of the aorta
Size of AAA that risk rupture
5.5 cm in males and 5.0 cm in females
Increased voltage of the chest leads
LVH or RVH
Widening of the p waves in lead II
P mitrale (left atrial enlargement associated with mitral stenosis)
Widening of the QRS complexes in leads V5 and V6
LBBB and LVH
Sudden onset HA, rapid deterioration of mental status, blood in the CSF, hyper density on CT of the suprasellar cistern
Ruptured berry aneurysm
Paradoxic splitting of second heart sound
Aortic stenosis (aortic valve closes after the pulmonic valve)
No murmur, precordial hyperactivity, loud second heart sound
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Roth spot
Hemorrhage in the retina with white center (associated with endocarditis)
Beaded appearance of biliary tree on radiograph
Sclerosing cholangitis
Double bubble sign
Duodenal atresia (gas in the stomach and proximal duodenum, no gas in the distal bowel)
MC CA in nonsmokers
Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma
Cyclical breathing pattern characterized by tidal volume first increasing and then decreasing to the point of apnea
Cheyne-Stokes
Normal breathing suddenly interrupted by periods of apnea
Biot's
Inspiratory breath holding that lasts many seconds, followed by brief exhalations
Apneustic breathing (seen after head trauma)
Continuous, rapid deep breathing
Kussmaul (occurs in diabetic coma)
Eggshell pattern on x-ray
Silicosis
Small number of cells with markedly enlarged, smudgy, eosinophilic nuclei on endoscopic biopsy of the esophagus
CMV
Multinucleated cells with nuclear viral inclusions
HSV
Headache, palpitations, diaphoresis
Triad of pheochromocytoma
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody
Goodpasture syndrome
Anti-mitochondrial antibodies
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies
Wegener granulomatosis
Anti-parietal cell antibodies
Pernicious anemia
Anti-smooth muscle antibodies
Autoimmune hepatitis
Spherical, ring-enhancing lesions on MRI
Toxoplasma gondii
Floppy baby syndrome
Clostridium botulinum
Decreased murmur with hand grip
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (decreases when afterload increases d/t increases SVR)
Murmur worsens with valsalva maneuver
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (decreased venous return of blood to the heart - less blood to the heart which decreases left ventricular cavity size and worsens the obstruction)
Murmur associated with delayed carotid upstroke
Aortic stenosis
Murmur decreased by squatting
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (squatting increases venous return and chamber size & increases SVR - most other murmurs are decreased)
Systolic murmur that may radiate to the neck
Aortic stenosis
Hypotension, JVD, distant heart sounds
Beck triad of cardiac tamponade
Coral red fluorescence on Woods light exam
Erythasma
Ring-like zone of contrast enhancement on T1-weighted MRI images surrounded by edema on T2-weighted images
Glioblastoma multiforme
Common etiologic agents of CAP in patients with COPD
Strep pneumo, Haemophilius influenzae, Morazella catarrhalis
Large, distended, thin-walled gallbladder on US
'Courvoiser Terrier' sign (associated with malignancy - pancreatic head tumor, ampullary tumor or cholangiocarcinoma)
Major cause of bleeding in infants born outside the hospital
Vit K deficiency
MC etiologic agents of neonatal meningitis
Strep agalactiae (group B strep) & E. Coli
MCC meningitis in patients 5 to 40
Neisseria meningiditis
Courvoiser sign
Palpable, painless gallbladder associated with CA
Shock characterized by high CVP and low CO
Cardiogenic shock
Shock characterized by CVP near zero and low CO
Hypovolemic shock
Shock characterized by high CO and low peripheral resistance
Septic shock
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