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Chemistry- May 17th 2016

Terms in this set (72)

unequally
In a polar bond, electrons are shared ________ between two atoms
nonpolar
A molecule that is composed of only one kind of atom is a(n) _________________ molecule
shape
The _____________ of a molecule, as well as the polarity of its bonds, determines the polarity of the molecule
negative
In a polar molecule, one end of the molecule is positive and the other end is _______________
electric
Polar molecules align themselves in a(n) __________ field
polarity
The ____________ of a larger molecule helps to determine its shape
polar
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... HF
nonpolar
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... F2
polar
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... H2O
slightly polar- due to its shape
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... O3
nonpolar
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... CBr4
slightly polar- due to its shape
Is the following molecule a polar or non polar molecule.... C2H4
1. Linear
2. Trigonal Planar
3. Tetrahedral
What are the symmetric molecular geometric shapes?
1. Bent
2. Trigonal Pyramidal
What are the unsymmetrical molecular geometric shapes?
unsymmetrical
Is a molecule with a symmetrical geometric shape polar OR is a molecule with an unsymmetrical geometric shape polar?
1. Linear
2. Symmetrical
What is the molecular geometric shape/name of this molecule? Is it symmetric or unsymmetrical?
1. Trigonal Planar
2. Symmetrical
What is the molecular geometric shape/name of this molecule? Is it symmetrical or unsymmetrical?
1. Tetrahedral
2. Symmetrical
What is the molecular geometric shape/name of this molecule? Is it symmetrical or unsymmetrical?
1. Bent
2. Unsymmetrical
What is the molecular geometric shape/name of this molecule? Is it symmetrical or unsymmetrical?
1. Trigonal pyramid
2. Unsymmetrical
What is the molecular geometric shape/name of this molecule? Is it symmetrical or unsymmetrical?
A single bond
What are two bonding electrons called?
between the two hydrogen atoms
The center of positive charge in the H2O molecule lies ______________________
1. small
2. high
On the periodic table, the elements in the far,top right of the table are (small/large) elements with (high/low) electronegativity
1. large
2. low
On the periodic table, the elements in the far,bottom left of the table are (small/large) elements with (high/low) electronegativity
1. V-Shape
2. Polar
What is the molecular geometry and is it polar or non polar?-- "SCl2"
1. Trigonal Pyramid
2. Polar
What is the molecular geometry and is it polar or non polar?-- "NH2Cl"
1. Trigonal Planar
2. Nonpolar
What is the molecular geometry and is it polar or non polar?-- "BF3"
1. Trigonal Pyramid
2. Polar
What is the molecular geometry and is it polar or non polar?-- "NF3"
Water is polar because of unequal sharing of electrons based on Electronegativities (EN).
Chlorine is Non-Polar because electrons are shared fairly (ie equal pulls)
Why is HCl a polar molecule while Cl2 is a non polar molecule?
Water is a v-shape : polar
Carbondioxide is linear: nonpolar
Explain why water has different properties from carbon dioxide. Base your answer on the molecular structure of these substances.
Non polar parts are on the inside to be away from the polar water. Polar parts are on the outside attracted to the polar H2O molecules in the cytoplasm
The proteins in many cells contain both polar and non polar side chains. The non polar side chains are usually found on the inside of the protein, while the polar side chains are found on the outside facing the cell's cytoplasm, which is mostly water. Explain why proteins assume this type of structure.
Electrical attraction between oppositely charged ions
What is the basis of an ionic bond?
Noble gas
Elements tend to gain or lose electrons in order to acquire the electron configuration of a ___________
Polyatomic ions
What are ions that are formed from more than one atom called
Specifies which atoms are bonded to each other
The structural formula of a molecule......
two pairs of shared electrons
What does a double covalent bond consist of?
polar
When one atom is significantly more electronegative than another one, a covalent bond between them is ________
1. Tetrahedral
2. Yes
3. No
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
1. Trigonal Pyramids
2. Yes
3. Yes
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
1. Bent
2. Yes
3. Yes
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
1. Linear
2. Yes
3. Yes
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
1. Tetrahedral
2. Yes
3. No
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
1. Trigonal planar
2. yes
3. no
What is the name of this model shape?
Are there any polar bonds?
Is the model dipole?
Electronegativity
DEFINITION: an atom's ability to attract electrons when bonded with other atoms.
Duet Rule
DEFINITION: a rule that says that a H atom must only have 2 electrons filling its outer orbital.
Octet Rule
DEFINITION: a rule that says that the rest of the elements must have 8 electrons filling its outer level
Valence electrons
DEFINITION: The electrons that are in the highest energy leval of an atom and they are involved in chemical bonding
Lewis Dot structure
DEFINITION: Shows how atoms bond in covalent compounds
look at ROMAN NUMERAL group number at top of group
How to find valence electrons
Octet Rule
DEFINITION: all noble gases have 8 valence e. (except hydrogen which has 2 e.)
1) add up all of the valence e. 2) determine the central atom 3) distribute the valence e. so each atom satisfies the octet rule
3 Steps to writing lewis dot structure
Bent
What shape is formed when a central atom has two unshared pairs of electrons and is bonded to two other atoms?
Trigonal Pyramidal
What is a three-dimensional shape formed when a central atom has one unshared pair of electrons and is bonded to three other atoms whose central plane does not include the central atom?
tetrahedral
What shape is formed when a central atom is bonded to four other atoms that all point into the corners of a tetrahedron?
Lone electrons
Electrons that are paired up in a Lewis dot diagram but are not shared between atoms in a covalent bond are called what?
Trigonal planar
What is a flat triangular geometry typical of molecules with three regions of electron density surrounding a central atom called?
VSEPR
What theory can help you make predictions about the angles that attached atoms will form?
Double bond
Sharing two pairs of electrons is called a ?
Totally symmetrical ones
What types of molecules have no dipole?
Bent (three electron domain)
DEFINITION: two atoms bonded to the central atom with one lone pair (SO₂)
Bent (four electron domain)
DEFINITION: two atoms bonded to the central atom with two lone pairs
Trigonal pyramidal
DEFINITION: three atoms bonded to a central atom in a pyramid like shape with a lone pair on top
Tetrahedral
DEFINITION: four bonds on a central atom
Trigonal planar
DEFINITION: three atoms bonded to a central atom with no lone pairs
Ionic Bond: the transfer of electrons from one element to another; a bond between two oppositely charged elements

Covalent Bond: the sharing of electrons between two or more elements
What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond?
Polar covalent bond: a covalent bond where one element has a slight positive charge and the other has a slight negative charge; the unequal sharing of electrons

Covalent Bond: the sharing of electrons between two or more elements
What is the difference between a covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?
a dipole moment is when a molecule has a center of both a positive and a negative charge (aka, it's polar)
What is a dipole movement?
Linear
Which of the 5 molecular shapes is the picture an example of?
Trigonal Planar
Which of the 5 molecular shapes is the picture an example of?
Bent
Which of the 5 molecular shapes is the picture an example of?
Tetrahedral
Which of the 5 molecular shapes is the picture an example of?
Trigonal Pyramidal
Which of the 5 molecular shapes is the picture an example of?
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