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Estrogen and Androgens

Terms in this set (71)

GnRH
Stimulates pituitary to release FSH and LH
LH and FSH stimulate the production of: estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Biosynthesis of sex steroids
1. Aromatase enzyme converts androgens to estrogens

2. Testosterone converted to dihydrotestosterone by 5 alpha-reductase
Estrogen Indications
1. Oral Contraceptives (COC): Combo of estrogen and progestin
-prevents pregnancy
-regulates menstral cycle
-prevents or diminishes menstrual related disorders
-acne vulgaris
3. Hormone Therapy
-estradiol (this is natural; what our body produces)
-ethinyl estradiol
-conjugated estrogen
4. primary hypogonadism (when you don't have enough)
Natural Estrogens *know
1. Estradiol
2. Estradiol valerate
3. conjugated estrogens (urine of pregnant mares)
Synthetic estrogens *know
1. Ethinyl estradiol: most common COC
2. Mestranol
Estrogens used in hormone therapy AR
1. edema/bloating
2. breakthrough bleeding
3. breast tenderness or fullness
4. thromboembolism****
6. gallbladder disease - may cause this
7. endometrial hyperplasia and cancer
-estrogen makes uterus grow; cancer -- uncontrolled growth... - must use progesterone in women with a uterus
8. Headaches
CI of Estrogens used in HT
1. Pregnancy
2. Breast or endometrium cancer
3. Active or récent MI or stroke
4. VTE, active or history
5. Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding
6. Severe liver disease
Precautions with estrogens in HT
1. CVD
2. Diabetes
3. Migraines
4. Gallbladder diesase and liver disease
Progesterone
Progesterone is NATURAL
Esters of progesterone
Medroxyprogesterone
Medroxyprogesterone Indications
1. Contraception
2. In combo with estrogens to prevent uterine hyperplasia and endometrial cancer
Progestins
Used in COC or Progestin-only contraception
Progestins Drugs
Norgestrel (highest androgenic activity)
Levonorgestrel
Norethindrone
Desogestrel
Norgestimate
Dienogest
Drospirenone (antiandrogen)

*androgenic activity increases from bottom to top of this list
Drospirenone
Progestin drug
-antiadreogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity (inhibits aldosterone) -- hyperkalemia
Dienogest
Without antimineralocorticoid properties
-No hyperkalemia
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