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Chp. 14 ID's (Battles)

Terms in this set (12)

anaconda plan
-Plan for civil war
-proposed by general-in-chief Winfield Scott 1861
-emphasized the blockade of Southern ports
-called for an advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two
-Control Tennessee Valley and march through Georgia to the coast.
-the plan would suffocate the South

sig: The plan was carried through and the first three parts were the most decisive factors of the Union winning the war.
1st battle of bull run
-july 21 1861
-fought in virginia
-goal of union was to open way to richmond and end war
-union army under mcdowell, confederates under Jackson
-confederates broke union right flank
-sent federals back to washington

sig: gave south confidence, showed the north that the war wont be as easily won as they thought
2nd battle of bull run
-august 28-30 1862
-deciding battle, large scale
-miscommunication between union, pope's assaults on jackson failed
-confederate troops outnumbered federals
-union retreated back to centreville

sig: battle of much larger scale, shows strength of confederate army
western theater
-area east of Mississippi river
-many decisive battles fought here
-first major union victory @ gulf of mexico where ironclads smashed weak confederate forces, city surrendered
-battle of shiloh- open field ambush, taught armies to create trenches, fortification, and scout
-union gains control of Mississippi river as far as memphis
-1862, union forces making progress, east was having little success

sig: ulysses s. grant made a name for himself in battles, union has control of mississippi, union able to split confederacy
monitor v merrimack
-inconclusive battle
-march 8-9 1862
-ironclad warships
-merrimack- confederate
-monitor- union
-neither vessel could sink the other
-monitor put an end to Merrimack's raids and preserved blockade

sig: shows both sides that they must advance naval forces if they wanted to defeat the other
Antietam
-political victory for union
-maryland
-september 17 1862
- bloodiest battle in war
-enormous casualties on both sides, 6000 died and 17000 injured
-confederate line breaking
-mcclellan allowed lee to retreat into virginia, could have been a union victory

sig: Union victory at Antietam resulted in President Abraham Lincoln issuing his Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, 1862.
chancellorsville
-may 1-5 1863
-virginia
-jackson attacked union right and lee charged front
-hooker barely managed to escape
-lee defeated union objective, did not destroy army
-jackson was fatally wounded during battle

sig: major Confederate victory, one of lee's greatest victory, south lost great leader Jackson
vicksburg
-grant driving at vicksburg mississippi, one of confederacy's two strongholds on mississippi river
-may, grant attacked vicksburg from rear
-july 4, vicksburg surrendered
-other confederate stronghold on the other side, Port Hudson Louisiana also surrendered
-last major city on river t take

sig: gave union army complete control of Mississippi, cut off confederates from getting supplies and reinforcements
gettysburg
-july 1-3 1863
-most celebrated battle of war
-pickett's charge- turning point
-15,000 confederate soldiers advanced, only 5,000 came out, large win for union
-july 4, Lee withdrew as Vicksburg surrendered

sig: never again were weakened confederate forces able to threaten northern territory, lincoln delivers his gettysburg address
grant's strategy
-virginia, army of potomac would advance towards richmond and force lee into a decisive battle
-georgia- sherman would advance east toward atlanta and destroy confederate forces
-wilderness campaign- man-to-man confrontations in virginia countryside
-assailing confederate armies both simultaneously and directly
shermans march to the sea
-november 15-december 21 1864
-sherman and army lived off land, destroyed supplies they couldnt use
-wanted to deprive confederate army of materials and railroad communications, break will of southerners
-burned towns and plantations on route
-wanted to frighten georgia's population into abandoing confederate cause
-december 20, reached savannah
-savannah surrendered 2 days later, sherman offered it to lincoln as a christmas gift

sig: sherman cut off supplies to lee's army, made northern victory possible
appomattox court house
-virginia
-april 1865
-lee could not defend richmond, union army pursused and blocked escape route
-lee arranged to meet grant at a private home in appotmattox courthouse
-april 9 1865 lee surrendered what was left of his forces
-johnston surrendered to sherman in NC

sig: ended civil war
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