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Chemistry 2 Semester 2 Final Review

Terms in this set (74)

What is a spontaneous reaction?
a reaction that occurs without being driven by some outside force
What is entropy?
a thermodynamic quantity representing the unavailability of a system's thermal energy for conversion into mechanical work, after interpreted as the degree of disorder or randomness in the system
Which one of the following reactions would have a positive value for entropy?
a) Ba(OH)s(s) + CO2(g) = BaCO3(s) + H2O(l)
b) N2(g) + 3H2(g) = 2NH3(g)
c) 2SO3 = 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
d) AgNO3(aq) + HCl(aq) = AgCl(s) + HNO3(aq)
e) Freezing water to form ice
c) 2SO3 = 2SO2(g) + O2(g)
Does the positive sign mean that entropy is increasing or decreasing?
increasing
What is the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics?
2nd - explains that the entropy of an isolated system always increases, and is often called the law of increased entropy
What is the 3rd Law of Thermodynamics?
3rd - sometimes stated as follows, regarding the properties of systems in equilibrium at absolute zero temperature
How many possible values are there for the magnetic quantum number (m) of an electron in a 5f subshell?
7
How many orbitals are there in the 3rd shell?
9
What subshell contains only 1 orbital?
s shell
Provide the complete set of quantum numbers to describe 7p4 electron
(7, 1, -1, -1/2)
How many quantum numbers are necessary to designate a particular orbital in an atom? To designate a particular electron?
Orbital - 3 Quantum numbers
Electron - 4 Quantum numbers
[Ar] 4s2 3d10 4p3 is the electron configuration of what atom?
Arsenic (As)
What is the electron configuration of Ag?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d8
What is the electron configuration of U?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f14 5d10 6p6 7s2 5f4
What is the electron configuration of As3-?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6
What is the electron configuration of Ca2+?
1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
What is solvation?
...
What is hydration?
...
How does pressure and temperature affect the solubility of solids and gases?
...
For an aqueous solution of a nonvolatile compound, the vapor pressure will be (higher, lower), the boiling point (higher, lower) and the freezing point will be (higher, lower).
lower, higher, lower
What are colloids?
a homogeneous, noncrystalline substance consisting of large molecules or ultra microscopic particles of one substance dispersed through a second substance
Examples of colloids
fog, mist, clouds, hairspray, milk, blood, mayo, jello, whipped cream, smoke, shaving cream
What is the name of the following coordination compound: Mg2 [FeCl6]?
Magnesium hexachloroferrate (IV)
What is the name of the following coordination compound: [Cr(NH3)4Cl2] Cl?
Tetraamminedichlorochromium (III) Chloride
What is the name of the following coordination compound: Na2 [Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4]?
Sodium diamminetetrathiocyanatochromate (II)
What is the name of the following coordination compound: Ca2 [Fe(CN)6]?
Calcium hexacyanoferrate (IV)
What is the name of the following coordination compound: [Co(H20)4F2] Br?
Tetraaquadifluorocobalt (I) bromide
What is the name of the following coordination compound: [Co(H2O)5Cl] (NO3)2?
Pentaaquachlorocobalt (II) nitrate
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: Mg2[FeCl6]?
Cl6
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: [Cr(NH3)4Cl2] Cl?
(NH3)4 & Cl
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: Na2 [Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4]?
(NH3)2(NCS)4
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: Ca2 [Fe(CN)6]?
(CN)6
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: [Co(H20)4F2] Br?
(H2O)4 & F2
What is the ligand of the following coordination compound: [Co(H2O)5Cl] (NO3)2?
(H2O)5 & Cl
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: Mg2[FeCl6]?
+2
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: [Cr(NH3)4Cl2] Cl?
+3
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: Na2 [Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4]?
+2
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: Ca2 [Fe(CN)6]?
+2
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: [Co(H20)4F2] Br?
+3
What is the oxidation number of the following coordination compound: [Co(H2O)5Cl] (NO3)2?
+3
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: Mg2[FeCl6]?
6
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: [Cr(NH3)4Cl2] Cl?
6
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: Na2 [Cr(NH3)2(NCS)4]?
6
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: Ca2 [Fe(CN)6]?
6
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: [Co(H20)4F2] Br?
6
What is the coordination of the following coordination compound: [Co(H2O)5Cl] (NO3)2?
6
Four-coordinate complexes usually have what 2 geometries?
square planar & tetrahedral
Six-coordinate complexes usually have what geometry?
octahedral
What is a linkage isomer?
composition of the complex ion is the same but the point of attachment of at least one of the ligands is different
What is a bidentate ligand?
possesses 2 donor atoms that can simultaneously coordinate
What is a geometric isomer?
arrangement of the atoms are different though the same bonds are present
What is an optical isomer?
mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other and are distinguished from each other by the way they rotate plate polarized light
What is a coordination isomer?
a form of structural isomerism in which the comparison of the complex ion varies
Which substance in the reaction below either reappears or disappears the fastest?
4NH3 +7O2 = 4NO2 + 6H2O
fastest - 7O2
slowest - 4NO2 & 4NH3
What plays a part in determining the rate of a reaction?
temperature
presence of catalyst
concentrations of reactions
surface area
A reaction is found to be second order in carbon monoxide concentration. What happens to the rate of the reaction if the concentration of CO is doubles with everything kept the same?
it quadruples
A reaction was found to be third order in A. Increasing the concentration of A by a factor of 3 will cause the reaction rate to what?
27
For a 1st order reaction, what plot is linear?
ln[A]t vs. temp
For a 2nd order reaction, what plot is linear?
1/[A]t vs temp
atomic number
number of protons
mass number
neutrons + protons
What are the 5 different types of radioactive decay?
Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Positron, & Electron Capture
Alpha decay
Beta decay
Gamma decay
Positron decay
Electron Capture decay
Nuclei above the belt of stability can lower their neutron to proton ratio to undergoing what type of decay?
Beta decay
What is the largest number of protons that can exist in the nucleus and still be considered stable?
83
What is the most stable combination of protons and neutrons in any isotope?
even/even
What is the least stable combination of protons and neutrons in any isotope?
odd/odd
Fission
the action of dividing or splitting something into 2-3 more parts
Fusion
the process of joining 2 or more things together to form a single entity
How does radon decay? From what ... to what?
U = Rn = Po
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