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ATI Pedi Book Ch 18 Asthma

Terms in this set (48)

Asthma
Chronic inflammatory disorder of airways that results in intermittent and reversible airflow obstruction of bronchioles.****
Cause of obstruction in asthma
Inflammation or airway hyper-responsiveness.
4 categories of asthma
Intermittent.
Mild persistent.
Moderate persistent.
Severe persistent.****
Intermittent asthma description
Symptoms 2 or fewer times per week.
Nighttime symptoms 2 or fewer times per month.
No interference with normal activities.
Uses short-acting beta agonist more than 2 days per week, but not daily.
Mild persistent asthma description
Symptoms more than twice a week, but not daily.
Nighttime symptoms 1-2 times a month for 0-4 year old and 3-4 times a month for 5-11 year old.
Minor limitation on activity.
Uses short-acting beta agonist more than 2 days per week, but not daily.
Moderate persistent asthma description
Daily symptoms.
Nighttime symptoms 3-4 times a month for 0-4 year old and more than once a week for 5-11 year old.
Some limitation on activity.
Uses short-acting beta agonist daily.
Severe persistent asthma description
Symptoms occur continually.
Nighttime symptoms more than once a week for 0-4 year old and nightly for 5-11 year old.
Limited activity.
Uses short-acting beta agonist several times per day.
Asthma risk factors
Family history of asthma.
Family history of allergies.
Allergies.
Asthma triggers
Indoor allergens: Mold, cockroaches, dust mites.
Outdoor allergens: Grass, pollen, trees, shrubs, molds, spores, air pollution.
Exercise/activity.
Cold air or change in weather.
Tobacco smoke.
Infections/colds.
Animal hair or dander.
Medications.
Strong odors.
Emotions.
Gastroesophageal reflux.
Food allergies or additives.****
Subjective data for asthma
Chest tightness.
History of previous asthma exacerbations: Onset, duration, precipitants.
Medications, changes in medication regimen, medications that relieve symptoms.
Self-care methods used to relieve symptoms.
Physical exam findings for asthma
Dyspnea, cough, audible wheezing, coarse lung sounds, wheezing throughout, possible crackles, mucus production, restlessness, anxiety, red ears, dark red lips, sweating, accessory muscle use, low SaO2.
Significance of absence of wheezing in asthmatic
Could signal worsening with constriction of alveoli.
Lab tests for asthma
CBC.
Most accurate test for diagnosing asthma
PFTs.****
Test for diagnosing asthma and evaluating severity
PFTs.
Peak expiratory flow rates.
Bronchoprovocation testing.
Skin prick test (SPT) -- may not be that sensitive in children because skin is so sensitive.
Chest x-ray.****
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