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Edexcel GCSE History Medicine Through Time

Terms in this set (20)

Louis Pasteur
Theory of pasteurisation. Notices that microorganisms were causing the alcohol to go sour. Germ theory.
Koch
Studied Pasteur's theories and discovered that you could grow microorganisms successfully on agar jelly. He discovered the microorganisms in Anthrax (sheep) and then later discovered the microorganisms causing tuberculosis and cholera.
Edward Jenner
Noticed that the milkmaids were not catching small pox because they had got cow pox from the cows. Invented the vaccination where he would inject people with cow pox which prevented them getting small pox which was much worse.
Hippocrates
Ancient Greece
4 humours
Galen
Developed the 4 humours- theory of opposites
Church supported ideas
Edwin Chadwick
Wrote a report on the sanitary conditions of the population in 1842. He said the poor lived in horrible conditions which was why they were ill. Pushed the government to pass the 1848 Public Health Act
John Snow
1854 he mapped all the cholera deaths and was able to trace the outbreak to one pump. He removed the handle of the pump so that it couldn't be used and the outbreak died down. Proved cholera came from water- little impact no germ theory
Florence Nightingale
Unimpressed in the way nurses were trained
She sent a report to the government
Nightingales school of nursing
Uniform
Clean bedding
Worked in the Crimean war
professionalises nursing
William Harvey
Circulation of blood
Heart acted like a pump
Arteries carried blood away from the heart
Veins carried blood towards the heart
Valves prevented black flow
Versalius
Proved Galen wrong
Jaw was one bone
Fabrik of the human body
Human anatomy
Paul Ehrlich
Magic bullet 1
1909 Salvarsan 606
Combined dye with various chemicals to target only disease causing microbes
606th compound tested and worked- Dr Hata
First time chemical drugs had been used to cure illness
Gerhard Domagk
1932 Magic bullet 2
attacked the microbes which cause blood poisoning
Forced to test his discovery on his daughter as she was dying from a pinprick- luckily it worked
the active ingredient of Prontosil was isolated- sulphonamide
other sulphonamide drugs were developed to cure pneumonia, scarlet fever and meningitis
Alexandra Flemming
Noticed that some mould on his petri dishes was killing his culture of bacteria. Published his findings in 1929.
Florey
Put together the penicillin research team
Chain
Chemist
Understands penicillin
Heatly
Builds apparatus to mass extract penicillin
Watson and Crick
Discovering the structure of human DNA
Beveridge report
Wrote a report on what could be done to benefit peoples lives. The report recommended:
Everyone in work would pay national insurance out of their wages to fund benefits such as sick pay and pensions
Creation of the NHS
Bevan
Made the NHS. free healthcare and prescription
Doctors unhappy as they now couldn't charge patients what they wanted
local authorites not happy about losing control of hospitals
People believed that the poor should help themselves rather than turning to the government.
Minister of health
Compromised so that doctors could charge what they wanted if they were treating the patients priavely
resigined when prescriptions were no longer free as the NHS was in such debt
Bazalgette
Drew up a plan to build new sewers in London. Not accepted at first but after the Great Stink the government funded Bazalgette and the sewers were built. Pump sewage away from London into the sea.
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