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Science Exam Vocal for others

Terms in this set (52)

pure substances
matter that has uniform properties and is one substance throughout
mechanical mixtures
made up of many different substances, does not have a uniform composition. (heterogeneous)
heterogeneous mixtures
made up of many different substances, does not have uniform composition. (mechanical mixture)
homogeneous mixtures
a substance that appears uniform throughout
matter
anything that has mass and takes up space
solid
matter that has a definite shape and volume. particle packed tightly together and vibrate in place. strong force of attraction and very close together.
liquid
matter that does not have a definite shape but does have definite volume. particles are close together but can easily move around each other. particles are farter apart and have weak force of attraction.
gas
matter does not have a definite shape or volume. particles are very far apart and have a very weak force of attraction. particles move freely
solutions
made up of a solute and a solvent. homogeneous mixture
dissolve
mix a substance with another substance to form a solution
solvent
substance into which a solute dissolves to form a solution
solute
substance that dissolves in a solvent to form a solution
particles
very small portions of matter
mixture
combination of two or more different substances
heat
the amount of thermal energy transferred
changes of state
change from one of the three states of matter to another
melting
change from a solid to a liquid, add heat
evaporation
change from a liquid to a gas, add heat
condensation
change from a gas to a liquid, heat is removed
solidification/freezing
change from a liquid to a solid, heat is removed
sublimation
change from a solid to a gas, add heat
deposition
change from a gas to a solid, removing heat
alloys
solid solution; two solids blended together
solubility
maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a fixed amount of solvent at a given temperature
insoluble
a substance that does not dissolve in a solvent
saturation
the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature
concentrated solution
a solution that contains a large amount of dissolved solute and little solvent
paper chromatography
method of separating a solution into its components using paper
unsaturated solution
solution in which more solute can be dissolved in a solvent at a give temperature
supersaturated solution
solution that contains more solute can be dissolved in a solvent at a given temperature
saturated solution
solution that has been formed from the maximum amount of solute for a given amount of solvent at a certain temperature
saturation point
point at which no more solute can be dissolved in a fixed volume of solvent at a given temperature
dilute solution
solution that has very little solute dissolved in a solvent
distillation
method of separating a solution a solution into its components that involves boiling and condensation
filtration
mechanical process of separating solids from liquids or gases using amorous article or mass, such as paper and sand
sorting
technique that involves separating substances on the basis of appearance ; colour, size, texture, or composition
sifting
means of separating solids by component size, involving shaking or agitating a solid material while passing it through a screen or mesh
magnetic
property of component particles of certain metals that are attracted with the particles in the magnet
energy
ability to make objects move
energy transformations
change from one form of energy to another
temperature
measurement of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance
thermal energy
total energy of the moving particles in a solid, a liquid, or a gas; sometimes called heat energy
thermometer
instrument used to measure the temperature of solids, liquids, and gases
states of matter
forms in which matter can exist
expansion
getting larger
contraction
getting smaller
conduction
transfer of heat through a solid or between a solid and another solid, a liquid, or a gas that is in contact with it
convection
transfer of thermal energy by moving particles in fluids
radiation
transfer of energy by invisible waves given off by an energy source
fluids
substances that flow; including liquids and gases
convection current
circular pattern of moving particles within fluids
infrared waves
invisible waves that transfer waves
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