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Chapter 1: Pharmacy and Healthcare

Terms in this set (34)

Name 4 Plant-Derived Medicines
1)Digoxin (anti-arrhythmia) from the Foxgrove plant

2)Cocaine (anesthetic) from Coca leaves

3)Quinine (anti-malarial) from Cinchona bark

4)Salicylic acid (pain killer/antipyretic) a precursor of aspirin, from Willow tree bark
Edward Jenner developed what?
the first successful smallpox vaccine (1796)
Louis Pasteur discovered that
micro-organisms caused food to spoil (germ theory), and that heat can kill them, preserving the food (186
Banting & Best demonstrated
the use of insulin to help lower blood sugar (1921)
Alexander Fleming discovered
the first antibiotic, penicillin (by accident!) (1928)
Watson and Crick discovered
the structure of DNA, the building blocks of life (1951)
The Human Genome Project did what?
mapped the entire DNA sequence of the human genome (1988)
What does the FDA do?
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been established to protect the health and safety of the public from pharmaceutical and OTC drugs, as well as food and cosmetic items.
antibiotic
a substance which harms or kills microorganism like bacteria and fungi.
antitoxin
a substance that against a toxin in the body
hormones
chemicals produced by the body that regulates body functions and processes.
human genome
the complete set of genetic material inside a human cell.
materia medica
generally pharmacology, but also refers to drugs in use.
pancea
a cure all
pharmaceutical
about drugs and/or a drug product
pharmacognosy
he study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources
pharmacopeia
listing of drugs and issues related to their use
sythentic
combining simnple chemicals into more complex ones, creating new chemicals not found in nature.
pharmacology
the branch of medicine concerned with the uses, effects, and modes of action of drugs.
The first physician was
Imhotep
Hippocrates approach to medicine was?
careful observation
The ancienct Greek Goddess of Medicinal Herbs was
Panacea
Derived from the bark of the Peruvian tree, "Jesuit's powder," used along with preventive measures, helps keep this disease under control
malaria
Aspirin is made from salicylic acid from the bark of the_______tree
willow
________ was the first effective local anesthetic
cocaine
Around 3,000 B.C.____________established, by trial and error, about 365 herbs that could be used as health treatments
the Chinese Emperor Shen Nung
The________from__________is an 1100 page scroll document containing about 800 prescriptions using 700 drugs mostly derived from plants
Papyrus Ebers, 1500 B.C.
The first great book of Indian medicine describing over 500 herbal drugs that had been used for centuries was written in
100 A.D.
The Persian Rhazes who wrote one of the most popular textbooks of medicine in the middle ages was a man of science and
an alchemist
______was a(n) _______physician who wrote a five volume encyclopedia in _______, one of which was devoted to natural medicines and another compounding drugs from individual medications
Avicenna, Islamic, 1000 A.D.
The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry devotes about _______of its income to research and development
1/6
______protect(s) against illegal copying of new discoveries
patenting
The length of time from the beginning of development of a new drug to FDA approval is often more than ________years
10
The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) requires that pharmacists provide
counseling services to Medicaid patients
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