Upgrade to remove ads
Only $2.99/month

PSYCH 2500 Exam 3 Alessi WMU

Terms in this set (85)

depressive disorders symptoms
patient is dystonic
depression is a
mood disorder
thought disorder
schizophrenia
bodily sensation disorder
anxiety
how do we differentiate among the various types of depression?
symptoms, severity, duration,history, and refractory symptoms
unipolar mood disorders
one way mood; only downs; no ups
adjustment disorder with depressed mood
precipitating event sets it off; lasts no longer than six months; remits after precipitating event is removed
persistent depressive disorder
(dysthymia) persistent symptoms; intermittent; no clear onset precipitating factor; similar symptoms to adjustment disorder; but persistent and no precipitator
major depressive disorder syndrome
unipolar depression; most common of all mood disorders;no intermittent days without symptoms; fatigue; insomnia or hypersomnia; loss of weight; guilt; suicidal
mood congruent
expressing delusions or hallucinations that fit the theme of depression
mood incongruent
expressing delusions or hallucinations that do not fit the theme of depression
mood incongruent vs. mood congruent
depression with psychotic features
melancholic type
(endogenous depression) worse in morning before daily stressors; depressed mood has a qualitatively distinct feeling; vegetative signs (loss of appetite, weight, sleep,...etc); predicts good response to medication treatment
seasonal affective disorder
appears in late fall and winter, remits in spring as more sunlight is available; can be treated with artificial lights
chronic double depression
major depression plus dysthymia; usually refractory to both medications and CBT and IPT therapies
CBT
cognitive behavioral treatment
IPT
interpersonal therapy
recurrence
symptoms re-appear two months after successful treatment of after the depression runs its course
relapse
symptoms re-appear very quickly after initial remission, usually due to stopping medication or treatment
bipolar mood disorders
depression with either mania or hypomania
manic episodes duration
episodes last about 6 months if untreated and about 2-5 days if responsive to treatment
mania (criteria)
moods swing between levels of depression and mania; excessive levels of excitement; increased energy; grandiosity; duration at least one week
hypomania
a distinct change from normal or usual mood; symptoms not distinguishable from full mania; duration symptoms at least 4 days not 7; too few symptoms
cyclothymia
at least two years with numerous episodes of hypomania and depression; intermittent times without symptoms; too few symptoms for MDD
bipolar II
depressive phase is indistinguishable from unipolar major depression
Bipolar I
formally manic depressive disorder; equally prevalent among men and women; manic phase; depressive phase no different from unipolar major depressoin
rapid cycling
patients experiencing four or more manic depressive episodes per year; some seasonal
mixed episode
some bipolar patients express mixed symptoms of depression as well as anxiety when in the manic phase
causal factors in bipolar depression
hereditary; biochemical (drugs); psychosocial (stressors)
schizo-affective disorder
a period during which criteria are met for MDD plus at least two schizophrenia symptoms; must experience schizophrenia symptoms for at least 2 weeks w/o depressions symptoms; better prognosis than schiz. worse than unipolar; chronic and episodic
monoamine hypothesis
decreased monoamines cause depression
circadian rhythm dysfunction
daily biological cycles or rhythms regulating wake-sleep, rest activity, hormones, temperature
psychosocial causal factors
at least as powerful as biological factors in causing and maintaining depression; may make long term changes in brain functioning and neurotransmitters that can lead to depression
marital effects
depression can be either primary or secondary to marital distress
interpersonal
depressed behavior can evoke negative reactions in others and avoidance of the depressed person by friends, making the situation worse
Behavioral Models for explaining Depression
Lewinsohn's theory of decreased positive reinforcement and increases in punishment leads to lower levels of all behavior which leads to depression
cognitive model for explaining depression
Aaron Beck's theory that dysfunctional thinking patterns, schemas, and negative automatic thoughts, can lead to depression
personal
automatic negative thoughts about self
pervasive
automatic negative thoughts about the world
permanent
automatic negative thoughts about the future
Learned Helplessness Theory (Martin Seligman)
people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives
hopelessness expectancy
that one has no control over what will happen and that bad things will happen
remission
no residual symptoms; patient is well or normal
response
a reduction in signs and symptoms of at least 50 percent from baseline, but no remission; used for FDA to approve a drug for market
refractory
no response to treatment
All antidepressants are
equally effective in achieving at least a response in MDD
therapeutic effect
the precise mechanism of action for therapeutic effects of all the anitdepressants remain unkown
treatment for bipolar depression
until 1996 only Lithium was approved
Electroconvulsive shock
patient anesthetized and muscle relaxant injected; unilateral shock to brain; 6-12 shocks; immediate effect
psychotherapy
research validated; no medical side effects; 8-12 weeks of treatment
dynamic therapy
short term interpersonal dynamic therapy; as effective as meds for mild and moderate not severe therapy
mood disorders
one of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression
hypomanic episode
less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders
mania
period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders
dysthymic disorder
mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least 2 years with absence of symptoms for more than two months
double depression
severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder
catalepsy
motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychoses and mood disorders in which body postures can be sculpted to remain fixed for long periods
psychosis
pervasive loss of contact with reality; may be syntonic; thought disorder
brief psychotic reaction
more than 1 day; less than 1 month; similar symptoms to schizophrenia
schizophreniform disorder
1-6 months duration; same symptoms as schizophrenia and major mood disorder
schizophrenia
symptoms lasting more than 6 months, with at least 1 month of active phase symptoms
delusional disorder
1 month of non bizarre delusions without active phase schizophrenia symptoms; behave normally except for delusions;a psychotic disorder featuring a persistent belief contrary to reality but no other symptoms of schizophrenia
shared delusional disorder
delusions influenced by someone else with delusions
schizoaffective disorder
both psychotic symptoms plus major depression at the same time
delusion
a psychotic symptom involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality
hallucination
a psychotic symptom of perceptual disturbance in which something is seen heard, or otherwise sensed although it is not actually present
disorganized speech
a style of talking often seen in people with schizophrenia involving incoherence and a lack of typical logic patterns
positive symptoms of schizophrenia
behavioral excesses, sudden onset variable course, better prognoses
negative symptoms of schizophrenia
behavioral deficits, insidious onset, chronic course, poorer prognoses
type I schizophrenia
limbic system abnormalities, normal brain ventricles, good response to anti psychotic drugs, associated with positive symptoms profile
type II schizophrenia
frontal lobe abnormalities, enlarged brain ventricles, uncertain response to anti psychotic drugs, associated with negative symptoms profile
process schizophrenia
gradual onset, no precipitator, loss of emotional responsiveness (negative symptom), chronic course, poor prognosis
reactive schizophrenia
sudden onset, stress precipitator intense emotional turmoil (positive symptom), good prognosis
paranoid schizophrenia
persecutory delusion prominent; grandiosity delusions, more dangerous to others than other disorders; better prognosis
non paranoid schizophrenia
no persecutory delusions, poorer prognosis
heritability
genetic factors are very likely predisposing factors but only become expressed when interacting with certain environmental factors
congenital
at birth
dopamine hypothesis
excessive level of dopamine in synapses
double bind
communication patterns
marital schism
constant tensions, threats of divorce, fighting
marital skew
a collusion among family members to consider one of their seriously disturbed members as normal
treatment for schizophrenia
psychosocial and anti psychotic meds
pharmacology
most common treatment for schizophrenia but high relapse rate due to stopping medications usually due to unwanted side effects
outpatient settings
no longer inpatient except to stabilize on meds and then discharge
social recovery
the ability to manage independently as an economically effective and interpersonally connected member of one's society
YOU MIGHT ALSO LIKE...