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Ecosystems and Communites (chapter 4)

Terms in this set (40)

phytoplankton
The single-celled algae found in aquatic ecosystems are known as
differences in altitudes
Which factor does NOT affect Earth's climate zones?
tundra
In which biome would the caribou and snowy owl be most likely to live?
photic zone
The region of the ocean in which photosynthesis occurs is called the
plant life
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT? (plant life, soil type, rainfall, temperature)
the intertidal zone
An aquatic ecosystem in which zonation is often easy to observe is
water movement
Which factor divides freshwater ecosystems into two main types?
lichens
After a volcanic eruption, which organisms are the most likely to appear on the newly exposed surface?
commensalism
A relationship between organisms in which one species benefits and the other is not affected is
estuary
Which ecosystem does not belong with the others? (tundra, estuary, rain forest, boreal forest)
parasitism
The type of community interaction that involves one species living in or on another organism and harming the other organism is called
biome
A group of communities on land that covers a large area and is characterized by certain soil and climate is referred to as a(an)
greenhouse effect
The situation in which atmospheric gases trap the sun's heat and keep Earth's surface warm is called _
latitude and angle of heating
Earth's three main climate zones are the results of ___
climate
The average yearly condition of temperature and precipitation in a region is called _
abiotic factor
A physical factor that influences an ecosystem is called __
predation
When one organism captures and eats another it is referred to as _
pioneer species
The first species to live in an area of primary succession are called _-
habitat
The area where an organism lives is its __
tolerance
The ability of organisms to survive and reproduce under less than optimal conditions is called _
climate causing factors
trapping of heat by the atmosphere, the transport of heat by winds and ocean currents, amount of precipitation, shape and elevation of landmasses .
weather
Day-to-day condition of Earth's atmosphere at a particular time and place.
the atmosphere
What is considered the world's insulating blanket?
trap heat energy and maintain earth's temperature range
What effect do carbon dioxide, methane, and a few other atmospheric gases have on Earth's temperature?
the equator
What is the location on the Earth, where the sun is almost directly overhead at noon all year?
biotic and abiotic factors together determine
They determine the survival and growth of an organism and the productivity of the ecosystem in which the organism lives.
niche
A species' place in the food web, the abiotic conditions it needs to survive, and the way it reproduces are all factors that determines its
competition
This occurs when organisms of the same or different species attempt to use an ecological resource in the same place at the same time.
resource
This is any necessity of life, such as water, nutrients, light, food, or space.
a winner and a loser
What is often the result of direct competition in nature?
competitive exclusion principle
The disappearance of a population in a given niche as a result of direct competition with another species for a resources is called ___
predator
When predation occurs, what is the organism called that does the killing and eating?
prey
When predation occurs, what is the organism that is considered a food source called?
symbiosis
___ is any relationship in which two species live closely together.
host
The organism from which a parasite obtains nutritional needs is called a(an) _
commensalism
The type of community interaction that involves one species benefits, and the other is neither helped nor harmed.
mutualism
A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit is called _
ecological succession
The series of predictable changes that occurs in a community of time (biotic development).
secondary succession follows
When a disturbance changes a community without removing the soil, what will happen ?
grasslands
What is another name for tropical savannas?
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