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MasteringA&P Ch.19 Test

Terms in this set (19)

Which of the following is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?
renal mechanisms

Long-term control of blood pressure is achieved through direct and indirect renal control mechanisms.
Large diameter, thick-walled arteries that are close to the heart and act as pressure reservoirs would be __________.
elastic arteries

Elastic arteries are thick-walled arteries near the heart. These arteries are the largest in diameter. Elastic arteries act as pressure reservoirs; they expand and contract as blood is ejected from the heart.
Continuous capillaries are the most common capillaries in the body.
true
Bulk flow at capillaries is driven by osmotic pressure gradients.
false

Bulk flow at capillaries is driven by hydrostatic pressure gradients being higher than osmotic pressure gradients at the proximal end of capillary beds.
Arteries always carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
false
The aorta carries blood __________ the __________ of the heart.
away from; left ventricle
Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise?
kidneys
The most permeable capillaries, which contain fenestrations and large intercellular clefts, are __________.
Sinusoid capillaries are the most permeable type of capillary due to large intercellular clefts among their endothelial cells. These capillaries allow large molecules--even blood cells--to pass into the surrounding tissue. Sinusoid capillaries are found in the liver, bone marrow, spleen, and adrenal medulla.
Which of the following is true about veins?
Veins have valves; arteries do not.
Which of the following is mismatched?
veins: resistance vessels
Toxic substances absorbed by the digestive system put stress on the liver because all of the blood from the digestive organs is drained by the __________.
hepatic portal vein
Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the relationship between pressure, flow, and resistance in the cardiovascular system?
Blood flow is inversely proportional to the change in pressure in the blood vessels.
Which of the following would NOT move by diffusion across a capillary endothelium to or from the surrounding interstitial fluid and tissues?
proteins
Which of the following hormonal effects is mismatched?
Epinephrine decreases peripheral resistance by affecting blood vessel diameter.

Epinephrine increases peripheral resistance by causing vasoconstriction.
Which of the following statements does NOT correctly describe tissue perfusion in the cardiovascular system?
Myogenic control is an example of extrinsic regulation.
Decreased output from the vasomotor center allows arterioles and veins to constrict.

True
False
fALSE
Which of the following would decrease peripheral resistance to blood flow?

anemia
increasing blood vessel length
vasoconstriction
atherosclerosis
anemia
Blood from the lower limbs drains into the __________ before returning to the heart.

superior vena cava
abdominal aorta
thoracic aorta
inferior vena cava
inferior vena cava
At what point would we definitely NOT be able to measure the difference between systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure?

elastic arteries
arterioles
muscular arteries
capillaries
capillaries


By the time blood reaches the capillaries, the pulsatile pressure differences would be unnoticeable.
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